Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066272202203128391ENDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, TehranDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, TehranSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, KhorramabadDepartment of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran20220312<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the importance and prominent role as a clinical, theoretical, and research approach in nursing practice, humanistic care nature and boundaries are not explicit and challenging for nurses to understand. This study was conducted to clarify the concept of humanistic care in nursing.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Based on Rogers’s evolutionary concept analysis, keywords such as “humanistic car *,” “caring behave *,” “humanistic nurs *,” “humanistic model of care,” were searched in PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Web of Science, WILEY, Springer, SAGE, ProQuest, SID, Iranmedex without time limit until November 2018. Sixty‑five documents in nursing and ten documents in the medical discipline were finalized for thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine attributes of the humanistic care, including “excellence in clinical literacy,” “creating a healing environment,” “a comprehensive and unique viewpoint,” “contribution to clients’ adaptation and flourishing of their talents,” “unrequited love and affection,” <strong>“</strong>preservation of human dignity<strong>,” “</strong>real presence<strong>,” “</strong>constructive dynamic interaction<strong>,” </strong>and <strong>“</strong>nurse<strong>’</strong>s self‑care,” were recognized. Assessing the historical and evolutionary course of the concept’s semantic tendency revealed three periods: The focus in first, second, and third was on the nurse‑patient relationship, quantitative tendency/ measurement, and metaphysics/spiritual humanism, respectively. The comparison of interdisciplinary differences indicated greater semantic comprehensiveness and depth in the nursing discipline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clear and practical definition and identification of humanistic care in nursing can be helpful in the further development of existing knowledge, instrumentation, designing guidelines, clinical interventions, knowledge translation, and correction of concept misuse. The identified antecedents and consequences can be in various aspects of clinical management.</p><p><strong><br /></strong><em></em></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/1871http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1871/70707442

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066272202203129298ENIntensive Care Nursing, Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences,Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical SciencesIntensive Care Nursing, Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences,Associate Professor of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran20220312<p><strong>Background: </strong>As the 2019 coronavirus spreads rapidly around the world, it has caused widespread fear and anxiety in various populations. This study aimed to explore the psychological effects of COVID‑19 on patients with this disease.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A qualitative study was conducted with a phenomenological approach. A purposive sample of 11 patients with COVID‑19 was recruited. Data were collected from the beginning of March to the beginning of June 2020 using semi‑structured interviews and they were analyzed according to Van Manen’s method. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initially, 315 codes were extracted. During data analysis and comparisons, the codes were reduced to 108. Ultimately, 10 categories, 38 subcategories, and 3 themes emerged. The theme of “behavioral responses” including 5 categories (Remorse, Fear and despair, Death anxiety, Growth, Support), “disease‑caused helplessness” including two categories (Failure, Denial), and “decline of social networks” including three categories (Rejection, Stigma, Feeling guilty).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After understanding the findings of this research, nurses working in the wards of patients with COVID‑19 can better consider the importance of assessing and analyzing the psychological challenges and experiences of these patients during the course of illness and quarantine. Findings also enhance the identification and organization of training needs during such a pandemic and the design of nursing programs to meet them.</p><p><strong><br /></strong><em></em></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/1872http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1872/70707443

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-90662722022031299105ENMSc in Critical Care Nursing, Department of Critical Care Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesAssistant Professor of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Department of Critical Care Nursing, Student Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran20220312<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral care plays a significant role in reducing the incidence of Ventilator‑Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three oral care protocols on the incidence of VAP in Mechanically‑Ventilated (MV) patients hospitalized in ICUs.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This parallel randomized clinical trial was performed in 2019 on 71 MV adult patients with endotracheal intubation hospitalized in ICUs. The patients were divided into three groups: a 7‑day oral care by using swab (group 1), two‑times‑brushing group (group 2), and four‑times‑brushing group (group 3) by using chlorhexidine. The data related to the incidence of pneumonia were analyzed during several days using Chi‑square and ANOVA tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of pneumonia on the fourth day of the intervention in the first group (35.00%) was significantly higher than that of the two intervention groups (10.00%) (χ2 = 5.86, df = 2, p = 0.03)). The mean score of modified clinical pulmonary infection in the third group was significantly lower seven days after the intervention than before the intervention (<em>p </em>= 0.04) and the fourth day of intervention (<em>p </em>= 0.003). In the first group, this score was significantly higher in the fourth day of the intervention than the seventh day (<em>p </em>= 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the results, the oral care protocol, including four‑times‑brushing, reduced the risk of VAP more than two times brushing. Therefore, the use of this protocol is recommended to provide a minimum level of oral care and reduce the risk of VAP in MV patients.</p><p><strong><br /></strong><em></em></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/1873http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1873/70707444

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906627220220312106111ENDepartment of Emergency Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, IranDepartment of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, IranDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran20220312<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post‑Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that can result from direct or indirect contact with traumatic events. The current study aimed to evaluate PTSD and its related factors in nurses caring for COVID‑19 patients. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study was a descriptive correlational study. Using convenience sampling methods, 395 nurses were enrolled in the study. The study instruments included demographic information, Impact of Event Scale‑Revised (IES‑R), and General Health and Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test, <em>t</em>‑test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SD) age and work experience of the participants were 33.79 (6.74) years and 9.47 (6.47) years, respectively. Most nurses (86.60%) experienced PTSD. Multiple linear regression results showed general health (<em>R</em>2 = 0.51, <em>p </em>= 0.001), job insecurity (<em>R</em>2 = 0.51, <em>p </em>= 0.042), decision latitude (<em>R</em>2 = 0.51, <em>p </em>= 0.037), and high age (<em>R</em>2 = 0.51, <em>p </em>= 0.049) to be associated with an increase in PTSD, and having high social support (<em>R</em>2 = 0.51, <em>p </em>= 0.043) was associated with a decrease in PTSD in nurses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nurses have experienced high levels of PTSD after the fatal outbreak of COVID‑19 disease. Stressful conditions associated with an increased likelihood of this disorder should be identified, and coping skills such as decision latitude (control) and social support should be strengthened to prevent the symptoms of this disorder in nurses. <em></em></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/1874http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1874/70707445

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906627220220312112118ENStudent Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, ShahroudDepartment of Midwifery,Shoushtar faculty of Medical Sciences,shoushtar3Associate Professor of Reproductive Health, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical sciences, AhvazSchool of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran20220312<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the second most common cause of vulvovaginal infections. Due to the increasing resistance to synthetic antifungal drugs, the use of drugs with a natural origin is a priority. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of <em>Arnebia euchroma </em>with vaginal cream clotrimazole 1% United States Pharmacopeia (USP) for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis<strong>. </strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This triple‑blind trial study was performed on 112 women with diagnosed Candida vaginitis clinically and by a laboratory test, patients were randomly divided into two groups receiving <em>Arnebia euchroma </em>and vaginal clotrimazole (56 people per group) in clinics and medical centers Ahvaz (Iran) from April 2018 to April 2019. Clinical and laboratory symptoms were recorded at the beginning of the study and 1 week after the end of treatment by a researcher‑made questionnaire. Data analysis were performed using SPSS software v‑23. <em>p </em>&lt; 0.05 was considered significant<strong>. </strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the intervention, vaginal culture was negative in terms of Candida in 17 (36.17%) patients of the <em>Amoeba euchroma </em>group and 37 (69.81%) patients of the clotrimazole group. The Chi‑square showed that there was a significant difference between the culture results in both groups (<em>c</em>2 = 10.10, df = 1, <em>p </em>= 0.001). No differences were observed between the two groups in terms of vaginal symptoms based on adjustment for age and using a logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A vaginal cream containing <em>Arnebia euchroma </em>could reduce the complaints of vulvovaginal candidiasis. But, future studies with larger sample sizes and different dosages are recommended.</p><p><em>l</em></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/1875http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1875/70707446

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906627220220312119124ENDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Nursing, Nursing & Midwifery School, Urmia University of Medical SciencesPatient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Nursing & Midwifery School, Urmia University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Nursing, Nursing & Midwifery School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran20220312<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autonomy is an essential factor in the nursing profession. Nurses’ autonomy can improve care quality, decrease mortality in patients, and attenuate job stress. This study aimed to investigate professional autonomy and its relationship with job stress among nurses working in Intensive Care Units (ICUs).</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This descriptive correlational study was conducted at Urmia nursing school in Iran in 2020. Three hundred ninety‑eight nurses working at the ICUs entered the study. Data was collected using the Dempster Practice Behavior Scale (DPBS) and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) questionnaire. Independent t‑test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the relationship between demographics and study variables. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between professional autonomy and job stress of nurses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SD) of total professional autonomy and job stress score of nurses was, respectively, 102. 11(91. 88), and 115. 53(12. 42), indicating moderate autonomy and job stress. Professional autonomy had a significant positive correlation with job stress (<em>r </em>= 0.51, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001). It also had a significant positive correlation with work experience in ICU (<em>r </em>= 0.12, <em>p </em>= 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ICU nurses have moderate autonomy and job stress, and their autonomy is a significant positive predictor of their job stress. University authorities are recommended to develop practical strategies to enhance nurses’ autonomy and eliminate factors that cause job stress in ICU nurses in order to preserve nurses’ health, improve the quality of nursing care, and increase patient safety.</p><p><strong><br /></strong><em></em></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/1876http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1876/70707447

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906627220220301125133EN1.PhD Candidate in Nursing, Student Research Committee, 2.Faculty Member, Nursing and Midwifery School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranFaculty Member, Department of Medical Education, Medical Education Research Center,Faculty Member, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research CenterFaculty Member, Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health1.Faculty Member, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center,2. Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20220312<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nursing care happens with the artistic presence of the nurse in the care setting. Despite its importance in nursing, yet many ambiguities surround its definition and characteristics. The aim of this study was to analyze the concept of nursing care. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This concept analysis was conducted using Walker and Avant’s approach. An extensive literature search was done in the Medline, CINAHL, Embase and SID databases to find articles published in English between 1988 and 2019. The search keywords were “care”, “nursing care”, “concept”, “concept analysis”, and similar words. According to Walker and Avant’s approach, after selecting the concept and determining the aim of analysis, 3742 references were reviewed and 68 articles and 2 books were selected to determine and extract the defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents of the nursing care concept.</p><p> <strong>Results: </strong>The three main defining attributes of the concept were relationship, compassion, and professional action. The antecedents were nurse‑related, client‑related and environment‑related, and the consequences were for nurses, clients and community.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences determined in the present study help better understand the concept of nursing care. This study highlights the importance of the communicative, caring, and advocacy roles of nurses and their compassionate professional action in the promotion of individual and community health.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/1877http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1877/70707448

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906627220220312134138EN1.Nursing Department, Shahid Beheshti School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, 2.Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran,Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran1.School of Rehabilitation, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran,2. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Central branch, Tehran,1.Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran,2.Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Allied Medical SciencesMaragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh,1. Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran,2. Department of Nursing. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil,1.Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 2.Department of Nursing, School of Medical SciencesKhalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran20220312<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caregivers of stroke patients have many problems due to caring for patients. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian Version of the Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (BCOS) in caregivers of stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This methodological study was conducted in 2018 with 191 caregivers of stroke patients. In order to assess the scale validity and reliability, the face, content, internal consistency, stability of the scale, and construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) were done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The scale face and content validity qualitatively were checked and confirmed by caregivers’ and experts’ opinions. In the reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was obtained to be 0.93. The test‑retest was conducted on 30 participants and showed good stability after 2 weeks. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the total scores was reported to be 0.94. The Kaiser‑Meyer‑Olkin <em>p </em>value was 0.90, Bartlett’s sphericity test was significant (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), in the exploratory factor analysis, 2 factors with 14 items were extracted. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the appropriate model with 14 items (removal of item 13) with two factors at the expected level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Persian version of the 14 items of the BCOS indicates satisfactory reliability, and validity in the Iranian caregivers of stroke patients.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/1878http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1878/70707449

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906627220220312139143ENDepartment of Nursing, Abhar School of Nursing, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran,Department of Nursing, Abhar School of Nursing, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranDepartment of Nursing, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, ZanjanDepartment of Research and Technology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran20220312<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical personnel, especially nurses, are at the forefront of the global COVID‑19 epidemic. This study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the level of health anxiety in nurses caring for patients with COVID‑19.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This cross‑sectional, descriptive study was performed on the 340 nurses working in 3 selected educational and medical centers affiliated with Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The participants were selected through census method in April and May 2020. The instrument used was the Health Anxiety Inventory. It includes 18 items in 3 subdomains. Descriptive statistics and the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SD) total health anxiety score of nurses was 24.68 (4.30), and 91.76% of participants had moderate health anxiety. Moreover, there was a statistically significant relationship between health anxiety level and the demographic variables of gender (Z = −4.54, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), marital status (ᵡ23 = 32.54, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), parenting (Z = −4.16, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), family relationships (Z = −2.30, <em>p </em>= 0.020), work experience (ᵡ24 = 19.32, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), and the workplace (ᵡ22 = 41.24, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001)</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results showed that the level of health anxiety of nurses who cared for COVID‑19 patients was moderate. Therefore, it is recommended that the necessary measures be taken to manage health anxiety in this group.<strong></strong><em></em></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/1879http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1879/70707450

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906627220220301144148ENDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, ArākSchool of Paramedical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, ArakDepartment of Ophtalmology, Medical School, University of Medical Sciences, ArakDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of health, Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, TehranDepartment of Nursing, Shazand School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arāk, Iran20220312<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are at risk of eye disorders such as Exposure keratopathy (EK) due to impaired blinking and incomplete eye closure. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of passive blinking exercise (PBE) on EK among patients in ICUs.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This single‑blind, randomized, clinical trial was conducted in 2017. The study participants included 51 patients purposively recruited from the three ICUs of Valiasr Teaching Hospital, Arak, Iran. Through coin tossing, one eye of each participant was randomly allocated to the intervention group and the other to the control group. The eye in the control group received routine eye care, whereas the eye in the intervention group received routine eye care and PBE for a week. EK prevalence and severity were assessed daily for 7 consecutive days using fluorescein eye staining papers and an ophthalmoscope with a cobalt blue filter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study groups did not significantly differ from each other in terms of the baseline prevalence and severity of EK. After the intervention, the prevalence of EK (<em>χ</em><em>2 </em>= 13.44, df = 1, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001) and the prevalence of grade II EK (<em>χ</em><em>2 </em>= 8.33, df = 1, <em>p </em>= 0.003) in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PBE is effective in significantly reducing EK prevalence and severity among patients in ICUs. Therefore, critical care nurses are recommended to use PBE for EK prevention and management.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/1880http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1880/70707451

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906627220220301149156ENNursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranNursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranNursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranNursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran20220312<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental concerns of living donors can be a solid barrier to logical and informed decision‑making for organ donation. The present study explores living donors’ mental concerns and problems during the process of decision‑making for organ donation.</p><p> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The present study was performed using qualitative content analysis. Twenty‑one participants were selected by purposive sampling. The data were collected and recorded through semistructured interviews and analyzed by MAX Qualitative Data Analysis software 12, based on Graneheim and Lundman’s contractual content analysis method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analysis extracted 425 codes, 13 subcategories, 3 main categories, and 1 core theme (conflict between doubt and certainty). The three main categories were individual barriers and concerns (faced by the donor), interpersonal concerns and barriers (experienced by the family), and socio‑organizational concerns and barriers (at the community).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the results, donors have significant concerns and face major problems when deciding on organ donation. Therefore, health‑care professionals should take into account organ donors’ concerns, raise awareness of donor associations, and formulate policies to increase living donors’ satisfaction.</p><p><strong><br /></strong><em></em></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/1881http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1881/70707452

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906627220220301157162ENStudent of Psychiatric Nursing, Student Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing Midwifery, Nursing Midwifery Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran20220312<p><strong>Background: </strong>Complications experienced by women during menopause affect their self‑efficacy and can cause a negative attitude toward this period and lifestyle changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a life skills program on the perception of aging and self‑efficacy in postmenopausal women.</p><p> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study was performed as a field trial on 70 postmenopausal women referring to Imam Ali and Navaab Safavi health centers in Isfahan, Iran, in 2018–19. The eligible subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control groups using a number table. The experimental group received the life skills program in five sessions and the control group shared their experiences in two sessions. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics form and the Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire (APQ) and General Self‑Efficacy Scale (GSE) and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests in SPSS software.</p><p> <strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that the mean score of aging perception immediately and 1 month after the intervention in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (<em>p &lt; </em>0.001). There was a significant increase in the self‑efficacy score in the experimental group immediately (<em>F</em> 1,67 = 121.89, <em>p &lt; </em>0.001) and 1 month after the intervention (<em>F</em>1,67 = 121.89, <em>p &lt; </em>0.001) compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This life skills program was able to reduce the perception of aging and physical complaints during menopause and improve self‑efficacy in women. Therefore, the implementation of this intervention is recommended in women.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/1882http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1882/70707453http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1882/70707454

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906627220220303163165ENCenter for Research on Occupational Disease, Department of Occupational Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCenter for Research on Occupational Disease, Department of Occupational Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCenter for Research on Occupational Disease, Department of Occupational Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran20220312Background: Several factors play a role in Needlestick Injury (NSI). We aimed to determine the association of NSI with psychomotor performance in health care workers. <br />Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, demographic, occupational characteristics, and needlestick history were completed for 357 health personnel of a university hospital of Tehran in 2019 through a checklist. Psychomotor performance was measured using a pursuit aiming test. <br />Results: Most of the NSI occurred in nurses. The mean age of the workers with a positive history of NSI was significantly lower compared to their peers with a negative history, and similarly, they had lower work experience. After adjustment for the confounding variables, the correct pursuit aiming test had a borderline association with the occurrence of the NSI. <br />Conclusions: Psychomotor performance had a borderline association with the history of NSI.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/1883http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1883/70707457

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906627220220301166168ENDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, IsfahanChild Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable DiseaseDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of MedicineDepartment of Health Education And Promotion, Social Determinants Of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd,5Department of Health, Azad University of Firoozabad Branch, FarsNutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,20220312<p><strong>Background: </strong>Some studies have shown that Socioeconomic Status (SES) is positively related to insulin resistance among different population groups, except for pregnant women. Therefore, we examined the relationship between SES and Homeostasis Model Assessment‑Insulin Resistance (HOMA‑IR) index as well as mediating variables.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study was performed on 138 primiparous healthy women at 6–10 weeks of pregnancy. The association between SES and HOMA‑IR was analyzed by regression analysis, and mediating variables were determined by mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SES score was positively correlated with HOMA‑IR index [<em>β </em>= 0.02, <em>t</em>101 = 2.20, <em>p </em>= 0.03, 95% CI: (0.00–0.05]. The higher percentage of mediation was related to maternal weigh (70.80%). Job activity had a protective effect on the association between SES and HOMA‑IR (‑62.50%). The total percentage of two mediators was 25%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The positive relationship between SES and (HOMA‑IR) in early pregnancy may provide a way to control this condition.</p><p> <strong>Keywords:</strong><em></em></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/1884http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/1884/70707458