Mechanically ventilated patients' experiences

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906611120100210Mechanically ventilated patients' experiences126126MSc of Nursing Education, Instructor of operatin Room, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical SciencesInstructor of Nursing Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical SciencesAssosiate Professor of Education ,Post Doc Nursing(Nursing research methodlogy), EDC, Medical University of Isfahan20101113 Introduction: Endotracheal or tracheotomy tube in mechanical ventilated patients disturb their verbal communications with others. Patients are frustrated in requesting their needs or have problems related to their artificial breathing. Therefore, their experiences can be investigated in order to provide them a better care by clinical personnel. Methods: This was a qualitative phenomenological survey. The population studied included patients who were mechanically ventilated at least for one time and were more than 12 year-old. Data were collected in five months by deep interview and then, were analyzed by Colaizzi seven-stage method. Results: The findings of research were classified in 139 codes and three categories as: 1) intrapersonal experiences, 2) extrapersonal experiences, and 3) interpersonal experiences Conclusion: Mechanically ventilated patients tolerate a lot of stressors of that many are externally sustained. Better care reduces these stressors, and makes it easier for the patients to get along with the artificial breathing. Meanwhile, some pleasant experiences were mentioned by patients in this study.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/126

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906611120100210Investigation of international pain management standards and suggestion of appropriate standard for Iran in 2005127127MSc of Nursing Education ,Instructor of Fundamental Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical SciencesInstructor of Rehabiliation in heart Patient ,Department of Medical –Surgical Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences20101113 Introduction: There should be a simple, standard, dynamic and scientific method for improving the quality of services in every organization and all of the employees should be trained on that. A standard method simplifies cooperation, makes harmony between people and in teams and provides the background of creativity and innovation. Pain management standardization has several advantages. It helps appropriate treatment of pain resulting in faster clinical recovery, shorter admission days and better quality of life. Pain management standardization is a common and unique language causing unison in works and correct circulation of information and prevents waste of time. Methods: This <a href="http://research.is/">research was</a> a triangulation study conducted based on Delphi method in 2005. The research samples were nursing faculty members who were instructors of nursing department with master or PhD degrees. In the first stage, pain management standards were extracted by searching the internet, reviewing valid nursing textbooks and consulting the instructors. In the second stage, these standards were sent to 14 nursing faculty members of Shiraz, Isfahan and Yasouj universities in the form of a questionnaire with open ended questions to collect their opinions. Then, according to the collected data from the second stage of the research, a new questionnaire was made. In the third stage, the questionnaire was sent to 40 nursing faculty members of Shiraz, Isfahan, Iran, Tehran, Shahid Beheshti, Mashhad and Yasouj universities to collect their opinions. In the last stage, analysis of the answers of the nursing faculty members was done. Results: The findings of this study included two distinct areas and 88 suggested standards. The first area, assessments of pain, included 35 standards and the second area, nursing implementation of pain, included 53 standards. At the end of this research, our version of standards with 90% consensus including 14 items in the area of assessment and implementation of pain are suggested. Conclusion: Pain management suggested standards by this study are 88 items. It is hoped that these suggested pain management standards can promote the quality of pain management, improve the quality of hospital services and increase patients' satisfactionhttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/127

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906611120100210Comparative study on the growth of children born with low birth weight and those with normal birth weight within 2 years after birth128128Ms of Medical Education and Ms of Midwifery,Instructor of Fundamental Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical SciencesAssistant Professor of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences20101113   Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW, birth weight <2500 g) is a significant health problem of children. Many studies have made it apparent that there is a direct relationship between low birth weight and infant mortality rate. One of the most important measurements to prevent children morbidity is growth monitoring. The present study was set up to compare the growth of children born with low weight with those with birth weight of 2500 g and more (normal birth weight, NBW) during 2 years after birth. Methods: This research was a retrospective cohort study. The samples included 218 two year-old children. Selection criteria were birth weight <2500 g in LBW group and 2500-4000 g in NBW group, absence of congenital anomalies and born from singleton pregnancies in both groups. The data were collected through a questionnaire by the researcher. Statistical analysis was carried out by t-test and the chi-square test. Results: Our findings revealed that the LBW children had a statistically significant lower body weight, shorter stature, smaller head circumference, lower weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height indices in two years after birth compared to the NBW children. Moreover, the weight percentile of LBW children at 2 years of age was less than that in the NBW group. Conclusion: The data suggested that low birth weight adversely affects children's growth in their early lives. Therefore, LBW infants require special considerations on growth follow up and monitoring after birth.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/128

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906611120100210Attitude of nursing staffs and their awareness on their roles in new nursing education program129129Instructor of Nursing, Group of Nursing, Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch20101113Introduction: Clinical education is the basic part of nursing education program. Preceptorship is one of the effective factors in clinical education. In this regard, a new kind of clinical instruction was designed in our country with the aim of training in the field. The active presence of interested clinical colleagues and their activities in the field of instruction are facilitating the road in attaining the aims of new instruction since students are in direct contact with the instructors, as their role models, throughout the training period. Meanwhile, for the personnel, it seems a necessity to have a positive attitude towards their roles in instructing students. Methods: The present study was a descriptive study with the purpose of investigating the awareness and attitude of staff nurses on their roles in the new nursing education program. The study samples consisted of 106 BS nursing staffs. The instrument for collecting the data was a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test and analysis of variance were used for data analysis in this study. Results: The findings of the research indicated that the majority of the nurses had appropriate awareness with positive attitudes (74.5%). Meanwhile, the highest number of those with weak positive attitude was found in those with weak awareness (57.5%). Other findings showed no significant relationship between samples' demographic characteristics and their awareness. But, there was a significant relationship between some demographic characteristics, like type of employment, working shift, occupational rank, educational experience and their attitudes. Conclusion: The findings of the research showed that the majority of nurses with positive attitude had appropriate awareness and the majority of staff with weak positive attitude had weak awareness. Obviously, if nurses support the changes in education, its transition from theoretical education to in-field training will be facilitated. Nursing managers and educators can improve staffs awareness and encourage them to have a positive attitude in order to play their roles better.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/129

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906611120100210The effect of polycystic ovary syndrome on outcome of assisted reproductive technology in Isfahan Infertility Center in 2003130130Instructor of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences,Ms of Midwifery Education, Ms of Medical Education, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences20101113   Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine disorder in infertile women with anovulatory cycle. This disorder is associated with abnormal circulating hormones. The response of ovaries to induction of ovulation is a controversial issue and can have different results. This study tried to compare the results of induction for ovulation in 130 patients who had polycystic ovary syndrome with those of 130 women who had tubal factor for infertility and had normal ovaries. Methods: In this prospective study, there were 260 women having PCOS and tubal infertility, undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment in Isfahan Infertility Center. The number of oocyte, concentrations of testosterone and restandol, fertility rate and the quality of embryo were compared. Results: The findings showed that the mean number of oocytes retrieved (13.1 versus 8.04), concentration of restandol in follicular and LHO phases and testosterone in LHO phase were higher in PCOS patients. The fertilization rate in PCOS patients (64%) showed no difference with those who had tubal factor (67%). Conclusion: The findings showed that the induction of ovulation in PCOS is followed by increasing serum androgen concentration through its effect on early embryonic development. But, due to the high number of oocytes in PCOS patients versus patients with normal ovaries, the chance of forming more embryos with ideal quality is increased in these patients.emihttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/130

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906611120100210Nurses' experiences regarding working in the psychiatric wards and its physical outcomes131131Instructor of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical SciencesMs of Nursing, Instructor of psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical SciencesPhD of Nursing-end of-Life Care, Grounded theory, Faculty of Nursing an Midwifery, Pediatric Department20101113Introduction: The nurses have a significant role in the treatment and care of the patients with mental and psychiatric disorders. They encounter complications and various phenomena of the psychiatric settings such as physical strain. It is essential to have a deep understanding on nurses' attitudes, perceptions, emotions and beliefs on physical results in the psychiatric ward. This study was conducted to access nurses' experiences regarding physical outcomes of working in psychiatric settings as an important step in improving psychiatric nursing practice in the psychiatric wards. Methods: This was a qualitative study with phenomenology method. Participants of this research were selected through proposal sampling. They were nurses who were employed in psychiatric wards of 4 hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. The hospitals included Farabi, Al-Zahra, Noor and Shahid Modarres hospitals. The participants aged 25-50 years (mean age = 35 years). About 35.2 percent were male (N=6) and 64.7 percent were female (N=11). Data were gathered in spring in 2005 by in-depth interviews. Every interview was recorded in a tape. Each interview lasted 20 to 90 minutes (mean time of interview = 49 minutes). Data analysis was done by Colaizzi method. Results: Study results were summarized in 2 core concepts of physical strain and workload and 4 subconcepts of physical injury, fatigue, environmental management and care provision. Inadequate experience and knowledge in the psychiatric team caused inevitable physical strain. Conclusion: Having an insight towards nurses' experiences reveals nurses' needs and can help them to have a better picture of themselves. Thus, this was an important step in improving psychiatric nursing practice. Having a deep understanding on nurses' experiences about physical outcomes of psychiatric wards, has a significant and fundamental influence on quality of care given to the patients with psychiatric and mental disorders. It helps not only nurses, also all members of the psychiatric team to decrease physical strain. This study hoped to help all people participating in providing care for the patients with mental and psychiatric disorders, inviting them to improve practice and to evaluate this process. Improvement of professional competence is fulfilled through decreasing the physical strain in the psychiatric wardshttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/131

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906611120100210Factors affecting choice of contraceptive method in lactating mothers132132Instructor of Midwifery, Department of Midwifery, Nursing & Midwifery School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib StPostDoc of Nursing-Nursing research methodology, Associate Professor of Education, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences20101113Introduction: Mothers' desires and behaviors in postpartum period for choosing a contraceptive method are different. Apparently, fertility is a strong predictor for the desire of using a contraceptive method. The current research aimed to determine factors affecting choice of contraceptive method in lactating mothers. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study. The samples of this study comprised 383 lactating mothers referred to Isfahan health centers for family planning services, for the first time after delivery. The sampling method was simple random sampling and the data were collected with a questionnaire. SPSS and EPI softwares and descriptive and analytic statistical methods (ANOVA, chi-square and Fisher exact tests) were used in order to analyze the data. Results: Results showed that the desire of having the last pregnancy, women's desires to have more children, the sex of children and husbands' desires to have more children were significantly related to the choice of contraceptive method (P<0.05). Conclusion: On the basis of the results, knowledge of lactating mothers on various contraceptive methods must increase in family planning consultations. We should especially pay more attention to women who desire more childrenhttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/132

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906611120100210Nursing philosophy: A need for professionalization13313320101113 Philosophy is a statement of ideas and values that can be expressed in an individual or common form among a group members such as a nursing school. Nurses should know all about their philosophy as well as their organization at the time of employment, nursing care and their communication with the patients. Nursing philosophy makes an approach towards function, knowledge and research. This also plays a major role in production and development of knowledge in domain of nursing and its professionalization. So, the goal of nursing philosophy is formation and conduct of nurses' function through nursing theories. Since, knowing and better application of philosophy for all nursing personnel is based on cognition of basic philosophical concepts, and as this issue has not been clearly discussed in bachelor and master degree periods, the researcher decided to study different aspects of philosophy and its role in nursing by her own experiences and through articles and other valid scientific resourceshttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/133