Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819389396ENStudent Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranMD PhD of Medical Genetics, Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran2024081920240819<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic, pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing severe COVID‑19 disease. This study investigated whether pregnant women should get vaccinated against COVID‑19 or not. Pregnant women in comparison with non‑pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study was a systematic review that searched the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases using the keywords “COVID‑19” OR “SARS‑CoV‑2” OR “Coronavirus Disease” OR “2019‑nCoV” AND “pregnancy “OR “pregnant” AND “vaccine” OR “vaccination” from January 2020 to April 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 37 selected studies, 15 (40.50%) declared positive views, 9 (24.30%) had inconclusive views, and 13 (35.20%) opposed vaccination due to a lack of adequate information. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the discrepancies among the studies, one‑third of the studies suggested that pregnant women be enrolled in clinical trials to investigate the outcomes of the COVID‑19 vaccination on maternal and fetal outcomes. However, the majority of the studies recommended maternal immunization against COVID‑19.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2127http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2127/70707696

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819397402ENStudent Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Nursing, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, IranStudent Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranStudent Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculy of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, IranNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran2024081920240819<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is a significant problem that can increase the risk of maternal mortality. Previous studies investigated the effect of Inhaled Oxygen (IO) on PPH. They found some conflicting results. Thus, the current systematic review and meta‑analysis aimed to determine the effect of IO on PPH.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Randomized trials were searched according to the PRISMA framework until the end of November 2022 in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Statistical analyses were performed in the STATA v. 14 software. I2 statistic was applied to assess heterogeneity between studies. The random effect model, sample size, and mean and standard deviation of each group were applied to report the pooled effect size. Version 2 of the Cochrane risk‑of‑bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included studies. Finally, five articles were included in the meta‑analysis. Two and three studies reported the mean of bleeding after vaginal delivery during one‑ and two‑hours oxygen therapy, respectively. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that IO significantly reduced bleeding by 38.91 mL in the intervention group compared to routine care (WMD: −38.91, 95%CI: −60.18 to −17.64) after vaginal delivery. In addition, IO during one (WMD: −38.42, 95%CI: −71.62 to −5.22) and two (WMD: −41.93, 95%CI: −60.15 to − 23.71) hours significantly decreased bleeding in the intervention. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the present study, IO can significantly reduce PPH in the intervention group compared to routine care. However, more rigorously randomized clinical trials are required to decide better about this issue.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2128http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2128/70707697

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819403410ENNutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran,Cardiovascular Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranDepartment of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran2024081920240819<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Estimating the prevalence of food insecurity among vulnerable sub‑groups, especially pregnant women, is significant. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women and to determine its related factors.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study constitutes a systematic review and meta‑analysis of cross‑sectional studies involving pregnant women, published between January 2000 and September 2022, in English and Persian on seven databases. Finally, 14 studies were analyzed and synthesized, with the results presented in the form of forest plots. Heterogeneity was investigated using the I2 index and the meta‑regression to evaluate variables suspected of causing heterogeneity. Statistical analysis and synthesis were performed using Stata‑16. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women was 45% (95% confidence interval: 37–54%). In a multi‑variable meta‑regression model, <em>p </em>values were significant for the year of data collection and the type of the questionnaire. The adjusted I2 and R2 indices were estimated at 84.47 and 51.46%, respectively. The prevalence of food insecurity among Iranian pregnant women has been estimated at half a million. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the high prevalence of food insecurity among pregnant women in Iran, we propose the inclusion of food insecurity screening for this vulnerable demographic within the primary healthcare package. Additionally, we advocate for the allocation of food subsidies to pregnant women confronting food insecurity.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2129http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2129/70707698

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819381388ENFaculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMedicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Nursing Management Department, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranFaculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran2024081920240819<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>By modifying the lifestyle of patients, the risk factors of Coronary Artery Diseases (CADs) are adjusted. This study was performed with the aim to investigate the role of nurses in the lifestyle of coronary artery patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This scoping review was conducted with the question of the role of nurses in improving the lifestyle of coronary artery patients. This study was conducted in databases and search engines of ScienceDirect, Springer, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for English texts, and in the Magiran and Scientific Information Database (SID) databases and search engines for the texts printed in Persian. The search for articles printed from 2012 to 2022 was conducted based on the keywords used in the title and abstract of the articles. The keywords used to search domestic databases included nursing, lifestyle and healthy lifestyle, and heart diseases (based on MeSH). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nurses have made significant efforts and performed interventions to improve the lifestyle of coronary artery patients through guidance and education regarding the improvement of their diet and mobility, compliance with their treatment regimen, and reduction of the risk factors of CAD. In the psychological dimension, they had a positive effect in some fields such as stress management and mental health. However, in the spiritual dimension, effective studies and interventions have not been conducted by nurses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The role of nurses in the lifestyle of coronary artery patients is effective in the physical dimension, limited in the psychological dimension, and neglected in the spiritual dimension.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2126http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2126/70707695

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819411416ENDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nusing, Suez Canal University, EgyptDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Egypt1.Department of Public Health, Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt, 2.Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, EgyptDepartment of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Egypt2024081920240819<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertensive disturbances during pregnancy are the leading cause of maternal and fetal death; unfortunately, no effective treatment exists. Therefore, interventions that reduce the likelihood of developing preeclampsia during pregnancy are required. This study aimed to see how Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) compared to breathing exercise techniques affected Blood Pressure (BP) levels among mildly preeclamptic pregnant women. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A convenience sample was used in a quasi‑experimental study of 75 mild preeclamptic pregnant women in the Obstetrical Outpatient Clinics at the Suez Canal University Hospital in Ismailia, Egypt. They were divided into three groups: study group [I]: the deep breathing exercise group; study group [II]: the PMR group; and study group [III]: the control group. Data were collected using two methods: an interviewing information collection tool and a physiological measurement tool. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistical significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after six weeks of training among intervention groups (PMR and breathing excercise technique with <em>p </em>value 0.001 for both groups) compered to contol group. However, there was no statistical difference in BP (systolic or diastolic) after two weeks of intervention among the three groups. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PMR and breathing techniques could effectively control BP in pregnancy complicated by mild preeclampsia. Both techniques could be introduced in routine antenatal care for women diagnosed with mild preeclampsia. Health and fitness professionals should focus more on preparing and delivering various sports programs incorporating various muscle relaxations and breathing techniques.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2130http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2130/70707699

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819417423ENDepartment of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Medical Education, Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranCommunity Health Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Critical Care, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2024081920240819<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urinary retention is a postoperative problem that causes pain and discomfort for patients, even when catheters are used. The potential role of magnetic therapy in treating postoperative urinary retention through acupuncture points remains uncertain. This research aims to assess the impact of magnetic therapy on urinary retention in patients undergoing surgery.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This single‑blind clinical trial study was conducted in a recovery department within an operating room and subsequently in the Surgery Department of Amin Hospital. The study took place in Isfahan in 2022, with a sample of 64 patients selected using a simple random sampling method and divided equally into two groups. In the intervention group, magnet plates were applied, while the control group received iron plates at seven specific points for duration of 35 ± 5 minutes. Demographic information, the type of urinary excretion, the duration of urinary retention, and the volume of excreted urine were recorded using a researcher‑made checklist for both intervention and control groups. These data were compared and subjected to descriptive and analytical statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants (N = 64), the majority were male (N = 37, 57.80%), and the mean age was 40.17 years. The Chi‑square analysis revealed no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the type of urinary excretion (<em>p </em>= 0.106). However, the Mann–Whitney U‑test demonstrated significant difference between the two groups regarding the duration required to eliminate urinary retention and the volume of excreted urine (F2,41 = 62 and F1,76 = 62; <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of a novel approach involving magnetic therapy applied to acupuncture and reflexology points has been shown to reduce the time required for the first urination and increase the volume of urine in post‑surgery patients.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2131http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2131/70707700

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819424430ENAdult Critical Care Nursing Department, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAssociated Professor in Critical Care Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,3Medical Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCardiologist, Cardiology Department, Milad Hospital, Tehran, IranBiostatiscs Department, Management Faculty, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMedical Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran2024082020240820<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with heart failure experience poor sleep quality due to the nature of disease they suffer from. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of music on the sleep quality of patients with heart failure.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The present study is a randomized clinical trial, which was performed on 76 patients with heart failure, hospitalized in the cardiac ward of an educational hospital. These patients had obtained a score of 5 or higher on Pittsburgh’s sleep quality index. The block randomization method was used to generate the allocation sequence. Thus, the number of subjects in each block was determined to be 4 people in 18 blocks. Intervention was collection of nature music played through headphones for 30 minutes over three nights, and at the end of the third night, the Pittsburgh’s index was completed again by both groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the intervention, the mean scores of mental quality of sleep (<em>p </em>= 0.007) and daily function disorders improved significantly in the intervention group (<em>p </em>= 0.025). Significant differences were seen between the mean scores of mental quality of sleep (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), daily function disorders (<em>p </em>= 0.002), delay in falling asleep (<em>p </em>= 0.01), sleep disorders (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), and use of sleeping pills (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001) before and after the intervention in the intervention group. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Playing relaxing music like nature sounds and spending time in nature after discharge can improve the sleep quality and sense of relaxation in patients with heart failure. The implementation of such affordable and amusing interventions can be proposed by nurses in heart failure patients.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2132http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2132/70707701

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819431437ENStudent Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranDepartment of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran2024082020240820<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study is done to determine the translation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Parental Belief Scale (NICU‑PBS) in Iranian parents. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The present study was conducted by the descriptive cross‑sectional method. This research was conducted from January to August 2021. The population included all parents whose infants were hospitalized in NICUs of two university‑affiliated hospitals (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences). Out of them, 291 subjects were selected by the purposeful sampling method. The utilized questionnaires included a demographic information form, NICU‑PBS, Beck Depression Inventory, and Maternal role adaptation scale. The descriptive statistical indexes, Cronbach’s alpha, intra‑class correlation coefficient, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Also, to evaluate the construct validity of the NICU‑PBS, we used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants included 97 fathers (33.33%) and 194 mothers (66.67%). According to the CFA results, the three‑factor model NICU‑PBS (confidence in the parental role, parent–child interaction, parental knowledge of the NICU) was approved in Iranian parents (χ2/df = 1.79; <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001; GFI = 0.91; AGFI = 0.89; CFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.05). NICU‑PBS with BDI‑II (r = ‑0.42) has divergent validity, and material role adaptation (r = 0.46) has moderate and acceptable convergence validity (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.01). The results of Cronbach’s alpha for the total NICU‑PBS were 0.85. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results demonstrated the proper and acceptable validity and reliability of NICU‑PBS among Iranian parents.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2133http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2133/70707702

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819438445ENDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Al Kut University College, Wasit, Iraq,Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, IranDepartment of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranHealth in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IranVice-chancellery of Treatment, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran7Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, 1.Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2.Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1.Vice-chancellery of Treatment, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran,2.Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran2024082020240820<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of different educational methods and programs, such as simulation and virtual training, plays an important role in effective Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) learning for nursing students. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing mannequin‑based simulation training with virtual training on CPR learning among nursing students.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2022. We selected 73 nursing undergraduate students and randomly assigned them to two groups: mannequin‑based simulation and virtual training groups. The knowledge, attitude, and performance of CPR in both groups were evaluated and compared before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using independent <em>t</em>‑test and the repeated‑measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within‑group differences were significant in both mannequin‑based simulation and virtual training groups in terms of knowledge, attitude, and CPR performance before and after training, as well as between before and 1 month after training (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001). In addition, the mean performance of simulation group students was significantly higher than the virtual group (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), but no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of knowledge and attitude dimensions before training, after training, and 1 month after training. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both mannequin‑based simulation and virtual training methods increase CPR learning. Considering that students’ knowledge and attitude increase significantly using both training methods and the performance of students in the simulation group is better than in the virtual group, the use of a multimodal approach is recommended for CPR training of nursing students.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2134http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2134/70707703

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819446451ENMScN, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMScN, BSN, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Canter, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranBsc, MSc, MSN, PhD, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran2024082020240820<p><strong>Background: </strong>The mental health of the parents of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), particularly the mothers, is poor due to the severity and complex nature of this condition, and they encounter numerous issues. This investigation aimed to determine whether happiness education affected mothers of children with ASD’s Expressed Emotions (EE) and Quality of Life (QoL). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A total of 70 mothers of children with ASD aged 3 to 13 years participated in this clinical trial study research. The experimental group received the Fordyce happiness training program once every 6 weeks via WhatsApp. In three stages, data were collected using a demographic form, the Family Questionnaire (FQ), and the World Health Organization Quality Of Life Instrument, Short Form (WHOQOL‑BREF) (before the intervention, immediately afterward, and 1 month later). In the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, the acquired data were analyzed using independent‑sample <em>t</em>‑tests, Chi‑square tests, and repeated‑measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in EE and QoL mean scores between the two groups before the intervention, but after, the intervention group’s mean score of EE (20.91 (4.355)) was substantially lower than the control group’s (44.74 (4.77)) (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001). In comparison, the intervention group’s mean score of QoL and its dimensions was more significant than the control group’s (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the efficacy of the happiness education program in reducing EE and enhancing QoL in mothers of children with ASD, such treatment strategies should be developed and used.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2135http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2135/70707704

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819452459EN1.Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 2.School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, South Western Sydney Campus, AustraliaNursing and Midwifery Faculty, Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, IranAustralian Centre for Health Engagement, Evidence and Values (ACHEEV)| School of Health and Society | University of Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia2024082020240820<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caring is a multidimensional concept with many factors that can affect its quality such as caring for the opposite sex. This study aims to explore the experiences of Iranian female nurses caring for male patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A descriptive qualitative study was conducted via conventional content analysis and purposeful sampling. Seventeen female nurses including staff and head nurses participated. Unstructured, face‑to‑face, in‑depth interviews were conducted from June to December 2019 in Iran. The interviews were recorded by an MP4 player<strong>. </strong>When no new codes were extracted from the interview the data saturation was achieved. All interviews were immediately transcribed verbatim and were analyzed via Graneheim and Lundman’s conventional content analysis guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four themes emerged from the data: 1) women nurses’ concerns about caring for men, 2) women nurses’ unpleasant feelings while caring for men, 3) Ignoring women nurses’ dignity, and 4) efforts to avoid unpleasant situations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Female nurses in Iran are faced with multidimensional challenges when providing care to men. Not only can these challenges decrease the quality of nursing care for male patients, but also make the hospital a stressful environment for female nurses and may lead to them leaving the work.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2136http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2136/70707705

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819460465ENAssistant Professor of Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egyptrsing, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptAssistant Professor of Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egyptrsing, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt1. Department of Nursing Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia, 3Lecturer of Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nu2024082020240820<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease is the biggest problem in health care today, and the primary replacement therapy, hemodialysis, has a severe impact on both self‑management and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational nursing guidelines on self‑management and health‑related quality of life for hemodialysis patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A quasi‑experimental design was used. A convenience sample of 100 hemodialysis patients in the hemodialysis unit at Ismailia General Hospital, 50 patients for the study and 50 patients for the control groups. Data were collected using a patient demographic information questionnaire, hemodialysis self‑management scale, and survey instrument on kidney disease quality of life 36‑item (KDQOL‑36). The intervention was conducted over 12 weeks in five sessions, from implementing the guidelines to the post‑test phase. The control group received the usual care. SPSS version 23, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics like independent <em>t</em>‑test and Pearson Chi‑square test were used. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regarding self‑management dimensions, a statistically significant difference was found between the study and control group regarding problem‑solving and communications, fluid control, diet, self‑advocacy, and emotional control with <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001, and effect size 5.89,4.99, 5.06, and 4.54, respectively. Regarding the quality of life domains, a statistically significant difference was found between the study and control group regarding physical functioning, mental functioning, the burden of kidney disease, management of symptoms, and kidney disease effect with <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001 and the effect size 9.39, 6.07, 1.86, 7.65, and 6.96, respectively. <strong></strong></p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2137http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2137/70707706

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819466472ENStudents Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranClinical Care Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IranClinical Care Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran2024082020240820<p><strong>Background: </strong>Utilizing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is pivotal in averting infection transmission to both patients and nurses. The attitude of nurses is a critical determinant in their compliance with PPE usage. This study seeks to explore the correlation between the attitudes of Iranian nurses and their beliefs, experiences, and knowledge concerning the application of PPE.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this cross‑sectional study, 303 nurses employed in hospitals affiliated with Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (Iran) were chosen using a quota sampling technique. Between April and June 2022, they completed self‑administered questionnaires, which consisted of a Demographic Information form and a four‑part questionnaire on “Attitude, Belief, Experience, Knowledge” concerning the utilization of PPE. Data were analyzed utilizing descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The multiple linear regression model was applied to investigate the relationship between attitude scores and various examined variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated that most participants held bachelor’s degrees (93.07%), and their attitude scores toward using PPE exceeded 3.25 out of 6 for all 12 questions. Female gender, increased work experience, and higher organizational positions exhibited positive and significant associations with a favorable attitude toward PPE utilization. Conversely, the absence of training related to PPE, a lack of belief in infection control, and limited knowledge displayed negative correlations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nurses have an ethical obligation to adhere to infection control guidelines, including consistently utilizing PPE, regardless of the level of infection risk or the visibility of the infection. Continuous training and regular monitoring of nurses in this context are indispensable.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2138http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2138/70707707

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819473478ENPsychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing The University of Jordan, Amman, JordanDepartment Head of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, KSA,Department of Nursing at College of Applied Medical Sciences at Shaqra University, KSA and Maternity and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, EgyptMaternal Health Nursing and Newborn, Faculty of Nursing, Damietta University, EgyptDepartment of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Smouha, Alexandria, EgyptDepartment of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Nursing The University of JordanMaternal and Newborn Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University, Egypt2024082020240820<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) and its consequences compromise the health of Women of Reproductive Age (WRA). The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, safety practices, and anxiety levels among WRA during COVID‑19 outbreaks.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A cross‑sectional, correlational design was used to recruit a convenience sample of 453 WRA in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using an electronic self‑administered questionnaire of Spielberger state‑trait anxiety and an adapted authors‑developed knowledge and practices scale using an extensive literature review. Data were collected between September and December 2020 targeting all women in the country. Pearson correlation coefficient has been used to test correlation utilizing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean score of anxiety was 46.0 (13.40). Women have a high mean score of knowledge (24.50, standard deviation (SD) = 3.40) while having a low mean score of practices (19.70, SD = 3.10) indicating inappropriate practices. A significant difference was found in anxiety (t479 = 2.52, <em>p </em>= .012) and knowledge (t479 = −1.98, <em>p </em>= .048) between pregnant and non‑pregnant women, while no statistically significant difference was found in relation to practices. The mean score of anxiety was higher among pregnant women than non‑pregnant women, while a slightly higher mean score of knowledge was observed for non‑pregnant women compared to pregnant ones. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although women had good knowledge about safety precautions, their practices did not indicate that. There is a need to educate women about safety practices and interventions that buffer their anxiety levels.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2139http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2139/70707708

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819479485ENDepartment of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran1.Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 2. Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran1.Baqiyatallah Sciences Research Centre, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2.Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1.Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 2.Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran2024082020240820<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adaptation to complications of hysterectomy is one of the topics of concern for women and health care providers. There is no instrument for evaluating adaptation to hysterectomy. This study aimed to design the Hysterectomy Adaptation Scale (HAS) and assess its psychometric properties. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Material and Method: </strong>This methodological study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in Mashhad, Iran. To develop the item pool, qualitative data from directed content analysis and data from the review of adaptation and coping instruments were used. The face, content, construct validity, internal consistency, and stability were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of HAS. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final version of the HAS consisted of 24 items with a reported content validity index of 0.9. Six factors were extracted from the principal component analysis, which explained 60.3 of the observed variance. Model fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model was well fitted. The values of the alpha coefficient and intra‑class coefficient were 0.86 and 0.95, respectively. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The HAS is a valid and reliable scale for evaluating the adaptation level of hysterectomized Iranian women. HAS can distinguish between hysterectomized women who have adapted to hysterectomy and those who have not. It can be used to assess the adaptation of hysterectomized women in research and clinical practice.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2140http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2140/70707709

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819486490ENDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, HamadanDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Sina (Farshchian) Educational and Medical Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, HamadanGeneral Practitioner, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranGeneral Practitioner, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran2024082020240820<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Most obese people do not have high self‑esteem. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of self‑esteem education on the weight status of obese women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) was performed on 46 obese women (BMI &gt;30) in Hamadan during 2021–2022. By simple convenient sampling and block randomization, the samples were divided into two equal groups. In both groups, routine lifestyle and diet recommendations were prescribed. In the intervention group, eight sessions of self‑esteem training were performed specifically. In two groups BMI was measured and the Cooper‑Smith Self‑Esteem Inventory (CSEI) was filled out before and after the intervention. SPSS 20 was used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was considered at <em>p </em>&lt; 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants in the intervention and control groups was 27.95 (5.02) and 30.25 (5.46) years respectively (t38 = 1.39, <em>p </em>= 0.17). BMI was comparable in two groups before the study (32.47 vs. 33.13 in the intervention and control group respectively, (t38 = 1.02, <em>p </em>= 0.31), but decreased significantly in the intervention group at the end (30.38 vs. 32.90, t38 = 3.76, <em>p </em>= 0.001). The mean self‑esteem scores of the two groups were similar at the beginning (27.10 vs. 27.60 in the intervention and control group respectively, (t38 = 0.52, <em>p </em>= 0.60) but increased significantly in the intervention group at the end (30.10 vs. 27.35, t38 = 2.99, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that self‑esteem educational programs can increase the self‑esteem score and decrease BMI in obese women and should be considered as a treatment modality in these women.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2141http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2141/70707710

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629420240819491492EN1.Psychiatric Nursing Deparment, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia, 2.Psychiatric Nursing Deparment, Sint Carolus School of Health Sciences, Jakarta, IndonesiaPsychiatric Nursing Deparment, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia,Psychiatric Nursing Deparment, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia,Psychiatric Nursing Deparment, Sint Carolus School of Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia,Medical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ngudi Waluyo University, West Java, Indonesia2024082020240820<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nurses play a critical role in combating the COVID‑19 pandemic, facing numerous challenges in providing care to COVID‑19 patients, particularly addressing their psychological issues. This study aims to explore nurses’ experiences in overcoming care challenges and enhancing nursing strategies. The study was held in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Primary nurses and nurse managers responsible for COVID‑19 patient care were interviewed extensively for data collection. The Collaizi method was used for data processing. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study identified three key themes: psychosocial nursing interventions, addressing obstacles in psychosocial care, and enhancing the quality of psychosocial nursing care. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Comprehensive nursing care proves effective in addressing the psychosocial challenges faced by COVID‑19 patients.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2142http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2142/70707711

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-90662942024081921432143ENAssistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shohadaye Haft-e Tir Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Amol, Iran2024082020240820<p>Dear Editor,</p><p>The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) has a complex and multifaceted structure, which provides continuous and focused monitoring, acute and continuous care of patients suffering from critical illness. In general ICU, expert health‑care providers and nursing personnel are employed and more advanced medical equipment is provided for a created context to continuously monitor vital signs of emergency and critical patients, especially after major surgeries.[1]………………..</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2143http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2143/70707712