Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520241013495502EN1Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,1Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran2024101320241013<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preeclampsia is a major contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. A previous systematic review was carried out in Iran in 2014. Due to the importance of this issue, a current evaluation is necessary after ten years. This research was performed to determine the prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Adhering to the PRISMA guideline, we searched English databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Persian databases including SID, Magiran, and IranMedex on August 20, 2023, to identify studies reporting the prevalence of preeclampsia or eclampsia in Iran. Employing a focused term strategy and eligibility criteria, we ultimately included 55 studies in this review. After conducting a thorough evaluation, the CMAV3 software was utilized to analyze the data using the random effects model and calculate pooled results. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of preeclampsia among Iranian mothers was 5.3%, while eclampsia accounted for 0.1% of live births. Notably, preeclampsia rates have risen since 2015, whereas eclampsia rates have declined over time. Single‑variable meta‑regression results indicated a negative correlation between age and preeclampsia. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preeclampsia is increasing among Iranian mothers, requiring an investigation into its risk factors, including maternal age, and consequently, high‑risk pregnancies. Conversely, the decreasing occurrence of eclampsia indicates an enhancement in the quality of care following a preeclampsia diagnosis.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2144http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2144/70707713

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240910503514ENDepartment of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IranIranian Research Center on Aging, Nursing Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IranIranian Research Center on Aging, Nursing Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran1Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran2024101320241013<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients With Stroke (PWS), like patients with other chronic health conditions, need long‑term care in home settings. Patient transfer from hospital to home is associated with challenges such as care quality impairment and ineffective patient need fulfillment. The aim of this study was to assess the principles of Home Care (HC) for PWS.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This integrative review was conducted in 2023 using the method recommended by Whittemore and Knafl. The Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, and specific databases for stroke care guidelines were searched to find relevant articles published between 2010 and 2023. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used for document screening and selection. The data were analyzed using the constant comparison method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primarily, 2608 documents were retrieved, and 22 of them were included in data analysis. The principles of HC for PWS were categorized into six main categories: principles of transition from hospital care to HC, principles of assessment for HC, principles of education for HC, principles of designing an HC plan, principles of HC measures, and principles of discharge from HC centers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study provides a detailed overview of the principles of HC for PWS, which can be used to develop standard guidelines and improve the quality of HC for PWS.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2145http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2145/70707714

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240914515521ENStudent Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranReproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Political Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran2024101320241013<p><strong>Background: </strong>Empowering adolescents to manage and reduce unhealthy behaviors and promote adaptive behaviors is a promising approach to promoting healthy behaviors. This review was an attempt to evaluate adolescent empowerment programs aimed at preventing and managing risky behaviors.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This narrative review was conducted in 2023. The texts were reviewed in two sections: (1) a review of articles and books in databases and (2) a review of international websites. The keywords used to search for studies and programs included substance‑related disorders, risky behaviors, empowerment, program, adolescent, suicide, and risky sexual behaviors. These keywords were individually searched in international databases such as “PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.” In the second section, a search was conducted on the websites of international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO). The inclusion criteria included having the full text of the original articles, articles in English, articles related to the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of empowerment programs, and the age range of adolescents. The texts that only had abstracts and were in non‑English languages were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The programs designed to empower adolescents were in three areas: (1) community‑based and peer‑based programs, (2) family‑based programs, and (3) comprehensive programs. Most programs focused on peer group participation and skill interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A powerful and effective empowering program for adolescents to prevent and control risky behaviors should be designed in the form of comprehensive programs in social, educational, economic, and health dimensions, and with the active engagement and participation of adolescents.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2146http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2146/70707715

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240910522529ENPediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranTrauma Nursing Research Center, Faculty of Nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,1.Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran, 2.Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2024101320241013<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Nursing students’ safe medication administration is a crucial aspect of ensuring patient safety. Clinical simulation is a novel teaching method applied to reduce factors threatening medication safety in the education of nursing students. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to conduct a review study in this field.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The present review was conducted using keywords of education, clinical competence, medication safety, medication error, nursing student, clinical simulation, and educational strategies. Suitable articles published between 2000 and 2023 were systematically searched in various national and international online databases, including SID, Magiran, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar in both English and Persian languages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 855 articles were retrieved from the initial search findings. After eliminating duplicate and irrelevant articles based on predetermined criteria, a qualitative selection was conducted using CONSORT, MMAT, and JBI critical appraisal checklists. Ultimately, a selection of 11 articles was made, specifically focusing on medication safety education for nursing students through clinical simulation. The findings showed that using clinical simulation improved medication safety and safety knowledge among nursing students. Additionally, this approach was found to enhance their competence in medication administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the findings, clinical simulation is a safe and effective approach for enhancing nursing students’ proficiency in medication safety and administration. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing education authorities implement these findings to improve nursing students’ knowledge, performance, and competency in safely administering medications.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2147http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2147/70707716

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240910530534ENNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Medical Education Research, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2024101320241013<p><strong>Background: </strong>Midwifery emergencies can be managed by providing effective and quality care through a skilled workforce. Improving the quality of midwifery care requires the professional development of midwives, especially those who are novice, to maintain their capabilities and enhance their performance. This study was designed to develop a professional development program in the management of midwifery emergencies for midwifery graduates.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This mixed‑method study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a qualitative study was conducted to investigate the program needs, facilitators, and barriers to the management of midwifery emergencies in midwifery graduates. Further, the initial version of the program was developed based on the results of the qualitative study and literature review. The Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model was used to develop a professional development program for the management of midwifery emergencies. The developed program was then evaluated and approved by a panel of experts. In the second phase, the developed professional development program is implemented, and its impacts are evaluated. Finally, the final professional development program in the management of midwifery emergencies for midwifery graduates is provided.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 2,360 primary codes were extracted and merged into 210 codes. After extracting the sub‑categories and categories, a review of the texts was conducted, and the final program was developed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using a professional development program for newly graduated midwives is an effort to improve the health of mothers and infants who receive these services.</p><p class="Default"><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2148http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2148/70707717

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240910535541ENSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IranMedical Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, IranDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Iran2024101320241013<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several challenges are experienced by caregivers of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis treatment. These difficulties pertain to the patients, their hemodialysis treatment, and other caregiving responsibilities and concerns. Given the adverse effects of caring for individuals with such conditions on the lives of caregivers, this study aims to investigate the experiences of hemodialysis patients’ family caregivers.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A qualitative study with a descriptive, phenomenological approach was conducted in the hemodialysis department of a teaching hospital in Birjand, Iran, in 2022. Fourteen participants were selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi’s method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants were caregivers of dialysis patients who had a 6‑month history of caring for patients and were first‑degree relatives of the patient. A total of 278 initial codes emerged, which were categorized into three overarching themes and eight subthemes based on the research purpose and question. The overarching themes comprised caregiver time and cost strain, social challenges faced by the caregiver, and life challenges faced by the caregiver.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Caregivers of patients with chronic kidney disease face problems in multiple dimensions and are susceptible to developing new problems. The majority of caregivers in this study were extremely vulnerable women; if they experience difficulties, the family’s foundation will be weakened. Therefore, caregivers should be included in patients’ treatment plans. The expression of caregivers’ experiences can help solve the problems they are facing and also helps hospital managers and health planners better plan to solve problems.</p><p class="Default"><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2149http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2149/70707718

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240910542548ENDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IranDepartment of Nursing, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, IranDepartment of Community Health Nursing, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran,Department of Nursing, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran2024101320241013<p><strong>Background: </strong>Incivility in nursing education is a complex concept that is not exactly defined in nursing. The purpose of this study was to clarify the concept of incivility in nursing education in the Iranian cultural context.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Concept analysis was performed based on hybrid model in three steps. In the theoretical phase, a review of studies was conducted from 2000 to 2020. During the fieldwork, 7 nursing faculty members and 9 nursing students were interviewed. The third phase included the comparison of the themes that were extracted from the two previous phases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 1250 titles, 45 articles were analyzed. Review of literature showed that incivility has several attributes: unconventional communication, irresponsible and disrespectful behavior. The fieldwork phase added unmanaged behavior and being contrary to academic goal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Defining the concept of incivility in nursing education refers to an unconventional, disrespectful, unmanaged behavior that is contrary to the academic goal of nursing education and results from individual differences, stress, improper application of technology, and inappropriate role models which, by creating an unsafe learning condition leads to harming the individual, organization and profession. Here, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the incivility in nursing education that can be used in instrumentation, model building, and development of theory.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2150http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2150/70707719

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240910549554ENDepartment of Statistics, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, IndonesiaDepartment of Statistics, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia,Department of Mathematics, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, IndonesiaDepartment of Sociology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, IndonesiaTeching Hospital, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia2024101520241015<p><strong>Background: </strong>The growth of children aged 0–60 months can impact their subsequent growth and development. This study aims to identify the vulnerable age for boys and girls, who experience growth retardation within this age range.</p><p> <strong>Methods: </strong>The study design used was a cross‑sectional approach in which each child’s measurement data was only taken once. The data were obtained from weighing results at the Health Integrated Service Post in South Sulawesi Province in 2022. The number of data analyzed was 698 children, namely 369 boys and 329 girls by considering the factors of age, weight, and height. We used a nonparametric bi‑response regression model estimated using a penalized spline. The knots used are 12, 24, 36, and 48 on each model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The value of the penalized spline regression coefficient in the model indicates that the child’s growth is slowed down and is not within normal limits. This can be seen in the weight and height of boys from the age of reaching 12 months to 24 months, only increasing by about 0.3 kg and 0.3 cm. For girls, the problem occurs from the age of 24 to 36 months, namely their weight increases by about 0.6 kg, and their height increases by about 1 cm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The analysis results show that boys’ growth slows down at 2 years of age and continues until 5 years of age. In the case of girls, their growth begins to slow when they are 3 years old until they reach 5 years old.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2151http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2151/70707720

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520241010555562ENDepartment of Adult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan,Faculty of Health Science, Higher Colleges of Technologies, Sharjah, UAE,Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan, Department of Allied Medical Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, JordanUniversity of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,PhD, RN, Professor in Nursing , Al-albayt university, Princess salama faculty of nursing, Department of adult health nursingDepartment of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan,Department of Internal Medicine and Family Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, JordanDepartment of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan2024101520241015<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior studies showed that anxiety and insomnia are both associated with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). There is a lack of literature related to the prevalence of insomnia and anxiety among healthy adult populations in developing countries as in Jordan, Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between the CVD risk factors and both insomnia and anxiety among healthy adults had one or more modifiable CVD risk factors.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A cross‑sectional method was used to examine the prevalence of anxiety, insomnia, and demographical and clinical association with anxiety and insomnia among 1000 Jordanian adult participants using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the insomnia severity index. Pearson’s correlation was used to examine the correlation between anxiety and insomnia scores. Linear regression was used to examine predictors to anxiety and insomnia based on demographical and clinical details.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The result of the current study showed that (30.20%) of participants had higher anxiety scores, (29.70%) had moderate to severe insomnia. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between anxiety and insomnia scores, <em>p </em>= 0.01. Based on the current study findings only marital status and anxiety were unique predictors of insomnia F(14,45) = 989, <em>p </em>= 0.001. Moreover, Predictors of anxiety were gender, hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and insomnia F(19,89) = 989, <em>p </em>= 0.001.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sleep and psychological well‑being are important components of an adult’s health and well‑being. The study showed that marital status and anxiety are predictors of insomnia. Whereas, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and insomnia were predictors of anxiety. This study highlights the importance of the implementation of a primary prevention strategy for individuals with modifiable CVD risk factors to reduce anxiety and insomnia levels among adults.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2152http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2152/70707721

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240910563567ENFaculty of Nursing, Suan Dusit University, Bangkok, ThailandFaculty of Nursing, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, ThailandFaculty of Nursing, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samut Prakan, Thailand2024101520241015<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several people suffered from fatigue after recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19). However, limited studies focused on fatigue in women who recovered from COVID‑19 infection. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fatigue among Thai women after COVID‑19 infection and to identify predictive factors, including depression, anxiety, fear, and insomnia.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A cross‑sectional research design using convenience sampling was conducted from October 2022 to January 2023. A total of 142 Thai women after COVID‑19 infection were recruited from two urban communities located in the Bangkok Metropolitan area, Thailand. The participants completed self‑reported questionnaires, including the demographic and illness‑related data questionnaire, the Depress Anxiety Stress Scales, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Fear of Progression Questionnaire, and the Fatigue Severity Scale. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, range, Pearson’s product‑moment correlations, and stepwise multiple regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All (100%) participants returned the questionnaires. After recovering from COVID‑19 infection for at least 1 month or longer, 39.40% of the participants reported fatigue. The multiple regression analysis revealed that fear, anxiety, and insomnia collectively contributed to 47% of the variance in the participants’ fatigue (R2 = 0.47; <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nearly two‑quarters of Thai women after recovering from COVID‑19 infection experienced fatigue. To prevent fatigue among Thai women after COVID‑19 infection, it is necessary to help them overcome feelings of fear and anxiety. Furthermore, nursing interventions aiming to alleviate insomnia should be implemented.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2153http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2153/70707722

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240910568576ENDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran1.Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 2.Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran1.Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 2.Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran2024101520241015<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many patients with advanced cardiovascular disease need Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery, indicating the importance of cardiac rehabilitation. Our study explored the combined efficacy of simulation (using demonstration and return‑demonstration approach) with music on post‑Open Heart Surgery (OHS) outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This randomized, controlled trial was conducted at Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, on 90 patients awaiting OHS. The participants were allocated to 3 groups: education via simulation, education via simulation enhanced by instrumental music, and conventional instruction. Evaluations were performed pre‑education and 2‑days post‑surgery using the activity measure for post‑acute care (AM‑PAC) “6‑Clicks” Questionnaire, 18‑item Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) index, and State‑Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). JASP software (JASP Team, 2023, Version 0.17.3) was employed for statistical analyses, using RM‑ANOVA and ANCOVA test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed a significant effect in immediate post‑intervention and 2‑day follow‑up periods across all outcome measures (all <em>p </em>&lt; 0.05), except for activity. <em>Post hoc </em>tests demonstrated substantial variations in effect sizes between intervention and control groups. Both intervention groups had significantly greater impact than the control group, particularly the composite group, showing heightened effects in state and trait anxiety and respiratory scores (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combined use of the simulation with rhythmic music in phase one cardiac rehabilitation notably improved post‑surgical outcomes, outperforming the method without music. This approach shows promise as an effective instructional strategy in cardiac rehabilitation stages.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2154http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2154/70707723

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520241010577582EN1. Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia, 2. Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt,Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan,Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt,4Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia,4Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia,Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt2024101520241015<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caregivers face various difficulties that put a huge burden on them, especially when dealing with immobilized elderly patients. This study aimed to compare caregivers’ burdens and coping mechanisms during the care of immobilized elderly patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The descriptive comparative design was adopted for this study in Najran City, Saudi Arabia, and Damanhour City, Egypt, in 2022. A total of 104 caregivers were conveniently selected over 3 months of data collection using the following tools: Elderly Patient Caregivers’ Knowledge, Elderly Caregivers’ Practice, The Lazarus Coping Strategies Questionnaire, and Zarit Burden Inventory. The authors used descriptive statistics (mean, frequencies, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi‑square, <em>t</em>‑test, Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation) to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Najran, 57.70% of caregivers experienced a mild level of burden compared to 30.80% in Damanhour, indicating a significant difference in the total level of burden between the two groups (X2 = 7.90, df = 2, <em>p </em>= 0.01). The mean coping mechanism score among caregivers in Najran is significantly higher than the mean among caregivers in Damanhour. The duration of providing the care significantly influenced the total level of burden, the total level of practice, the coping mechanism, the income, the availability of health care, and the presence of additional caregivers, with all <em>p </em>values &lt;0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is essential to integrate nurses and caregivers into educational programs to help them cope effectively with the challenging duties they undertake. Based on the findings of this study, interventional studies to reduce the burden and improve coping among caregivers are recommended.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2155http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2155/70707724

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240910583589EN1.Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2.Health Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran,Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IranIranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical Informatics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran20241015<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subjective Successful Aging (SSA) refers to individuals’ self‑rating of their aging process. Demographics, socioeconomic status, and health conditions of older adults can shape their aging process and their self‑evaluation of it. This study aimed to explore the status of SSA and its related factors among a sample of Iranian older adults in 2022.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This cross‑sectional study was conducted with 410 older adults in Bojnurd, Iran, who were selected by a multi‑stage sampling method. Data were collected through a four‑part questionnaire consisting of objective socioeconomic status, subjective socioeconomic status (Subjective Social Status (SSS) and Perceived Income Adequacy (PIA)), health status (Self‑Related Health (SRH) and number of chronic diseases), and the SSA six‑question scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22). Bivariable and multiple linear regression analyses were run to identify the factors associated with SSA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (standard deviation) age of the participants was 68 (7.33). The mean (standard deviation) of the SSA score was 60.69 (17.85). Only 132 individuals (32.20%) considered themselves successful. According to regression analysis, among the investigated variables, the predictors of SSA were SRH (<em>β </em>= 0.40, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), PIA (<em>β </em>= 0.23, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), SSS (<em>β </em>= 0.18, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), and age (<em>β </em>= −0.11, <em>p </em>= 0.009), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Regarding the low percentage of participants who considered themselves successful seniors, it is necessary to pay more attention to promoting the aspect of successful aging and its related determinants. According to the results, promoting perceived health and reducing financial concerns, especially in older people, could finally increase SSA among Iranian older adults.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2156http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2156/70707727

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240910590595EN1. Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, 2. Department of Medical and Surgical, College of Nursing, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia,1. Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, 2. Department of Medical and Surgical, College of Nursing, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia,1. Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University, Egypt, 2. Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Ibnsina National College for Medical Studies, Saudi ArabiaAnaesthesia and Pain Management Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, EgyptPulmonology Unit Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt,1. Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Egypt, 2.Department of Medical and Surgical, College of Nursing, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia,2024101520241015<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endotracheal Tube Suctioning (ETS), which involves either an open or closed suctioning system, is a crucial practice for mechanically ventilated patients. The nursing practice of airway suctioning is inevitable. This study was designed to compare the intensive care nurses’ performance of open versus closed endotracheal suction on critically ill patients in Ismailia City.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A non‑participant structured observational study design was conducted on a convenient sample (N = 63) at intensive care units at a teaching hospital through March and August 2022 to evaluate how nurses practice different procedures in open suctioning compared with the closed suctioning system of Endotracheal Suction (ES) through a 32‑item structured checklist. Additionally, authors compared their levels of knowledge in both suctioning systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 75% and 65% of the study participants had a satisfactory level of knowledge about the open system compared with the closed system, respectively. The total percentage of patients who achieved a satisfactory level of practice was 72% for the open‑system group, compared with 56% for the closed‑system group. Overall, there were significant differences between total nurses’ performances in the open‑system and closed‑system systems. Independent sample t‑tests revealed a statistically significant correlation between overall nurses’ performance in both systems (t = 6.04, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings revealed significant differences in nurses’ performance between open and closed‑system suctioning. The researchers recommend in‑service‑led training programs to improve nurses’ performance, and other studies with larger sample sizes should be supported.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2157http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2157/70707725

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240910596607EN1.Department of Maternity, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas, Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia, 2.Department of Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Community Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Department of Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,1. Department of Maternity, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas, Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia, 2.Department of Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Department of Maternity, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas, Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia1. Department of Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,2. Department of Maternity, IIK NU Indonesia, Tuban, Indonesia2024101520241015<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reproductive health, crucial for public health and sustainable development, encompasses family planning and contraceptive use. However, global disparities persist in the adoption of family planning, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of the complex factors shaping these reproductive health choices.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‑Analyses guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of the Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases from July to August 2023. Inclusive criteria covered various study designs and populations, ranging from individuals to communities, and encompassed sociocultural factors. The review included open access articles published between 2018 and 2023, utilizing a combination of the keywords: Family planning determinants, Contraceptive use factors, Sociocultural factors in family planning, Individual‑level influences on family planning, and Factors affecting contraceptive choices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 25 selected studies underscore the critical influence of determinants at both individual and community levels in shaping family planning behaviors. Key drivers at the individual level included education, age, knowledge, and attitudes. At the community level, factors such as geographical disparities and healthcare accessibility played pivotal roles. Sociocultural determinants, including media exposure, gender norms, and spousal dynamics, highlighted the need for culturally sensitive strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Advancing equitable family planning requires education, improved access, peer influence, and the active participation of husbands and male partners. Comprehensive programs should bridge the gap between knowledge and action, reduce disparities, and ensure equal access to contraception. Context‑specific research and evaluating interventions are crucial steps toward achieving global reproductive health objectives.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2158http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2158/70707726

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520241013608616ENDepartment of Nursing, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Nursing, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Nursing, Student Research Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,nDepartment of Statistics, College of Mathematical Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Ira2024101620241016<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited evidence is available regarding the effect of reflexology on Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). The present study evaluated the effect of foot reflexology on fatigue, sleep quality, physiological indices, and electrocardiogram changes in AMI. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This clinical trial was conducted on 80 subjects with AMI. They were divided into an intervention (received reflexology for 3 consecutive days) and a control (received the routine care) group. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a pain numeric analog scale, a daily physiological indices form, and daily electrocardiogram were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software. The study was conducted based on CONSORT criteria. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After controlling the covariates, a significant difference was found between the intervention and control groups with regard to the mean scores of fatigue (F5,80 = 16.33; <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), sleep quality (F5,80 = 16.56; <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), and chest pain intensity (F5,80 = 6.86; <em>p </em>= 0.010); means of systolic blood pressure (F5,80 = 22.20; <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), heart rate (F5,80 = 5.86; <em>p </em>= 0.010), respiration (F5,80 = 9.37; <em>p </em>= 0.003), and temperature (F5,80= ‑4.23; <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001); and incidence of ST‑segment (χ21,80 = 5.00; <em>p </em>= 0.020) and T‑wave changes (χ21,80 = 6.05, <em>p </em>= 0.010) on the fourth day of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the effectiveness of foot reflexology in different aspects of AMI patients, the implementation of this intervention is recommended for these patients in coronary care units.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2160http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2160/70707729

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240910617622ENDepartment of Preventive and Social Medicine (P&SM), JIPMER, Puducherry, IndiaDepartment of Preventive and Social Medicine (P&SM), JIPMER, Puducherry, IndiaDepartment of Cardiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India,Department of Nursing Services, JIPMER, Puducherry, IndiaDepartment of Preventive and Social Medicine (P&SM), JIPMER, Puducherry, IndiaDepartment of Preventive and Social Medicine (P&SM), JIPMER, Puducherry, India2024101620241016<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adequate sleep is essential for human beings to maintain optimal health. Medical professionals, including nurses, work in stressful environments that could affect their sleep quality. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with poor sleep quality among nurses in a tertiary care public hospital.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This cross‑sectional analytical study was conducted on 1217 nurses aged between 21 and 60 years from May 2019 to April 2020 in a tertiary care public hospital in Puducherry. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scoring system, and the workplace stress scale was used to assess workplace stress. The Chi‑squared test and adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) were used to determine the factors associated with poor sleep quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 99% (1217/1229), and three‑fourths of the participants were women (943, 77.50%). The mean (SD) PSQI score was 4.49 (2.98), and more than one‑third of participants, 42.80% (95% CI: 40.10‑45.70), had poor sleep quality. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was significantly higher among women (z = 2.33, <em>p </em>= 0.019) aPR (95% CI): 1.08 (1.01‑1.16), those having severe to dangerous levels of workplace stress (z = 8.22, <em>p </em>&gt; 0.001) aPR (95% CI): 1.54 (1.39‑1.71) and chronic pain (z = 2.11, <em>p </em>= 0.016) aPR (95% CI): 1.09 (1.02‑1.17).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of poor sleep quality among the study population was high. This highlights the urgent need for implementing health promotion programs among nurses.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2161http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2161/70707730

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240912623630ENAssociate Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,PhD in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Assistant Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranM. Sc. in Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran2024101620241016<p><strong>Background: </strong>The care process involves essential tasks of assisting, supporting, and facilitating nursing activities to meet the comprehensive needs of patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) is a global infectious disease that has caused a pandemic. Nurses play a crucial role in caring for and treating patients with COVID‑19. This study aims to explain the care process in patients with COVID‑19.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A qualitative study using the grounded theory method was conducted from 2021 to 2022. Eleven nurses providing care to hospitalized patients with COVID‑19 were purposively selected from the COVID wards of Shariati Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected through in‑depth semistructured interviews and observation. Data analysis was conducted using the approach developed by Corbin and Strauss (2008). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data analysis phase identified a main theme of “protection and support in the shadow of uncertainty” along with five main categories and ten subcategories. The main categories included “encountering life‑threatening crisis”, “maintaining safety”, “improving the patient’s physical health”, “encouraging”, and “feeling satisfied despite the burden of care”. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nurses aimed to improve the physical and psychological conditions of patients with COVID‑19 by implementing a comprehensive care plan. The five main categories identified can be considered the primary approach to nursing care in the COVID‑19 crisis. Additionally, the nurses’ experiences can help establish the necessary infrastructure for care and education during other potential health crises.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2162http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2162/70707731

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906629520240911631634ENDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia2024101620241016<p><strong>Background: </strong>The actions of healthcare workers in treating and caring for people with mental illness are influenced by various factors. Therefore, this study aimed to assess beliefs, knowledge, and perception of Indonesian Mental Healthcare Workers (MHWs) regarding mental illness. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A cross‑sectional study was conducted among 173 MHWs in May 2021 using a newly developed questionnaire distributed through convenience sampling methods. <strong>Results: </strong>Most respondents were female (n = 135, 77.14%) and married (n = 148, 84.57%), with a mean (SD) of age of 37.57 (6.55) years old. Most believed that mental illness was caused by personal weakness (n = 131, 74.86%) and often led to mental retardation (n = 115, 65.71%). Furthermore, approximately half of this population believed mental illness could be cured through marriage (n = 80, 45.71%). <strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evaluated MHWs commonly held misconceptions about the cause and treatments of mental illness. Consequently, relevant training was recommended to be performed for mental health literacy enhancement.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2163http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2163/70707732

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-90662952024091321642164EN1.Deputy Director (Research and Development), Off Campus, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Datta Meghe Medical College, Wanadongri, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, 2.Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wanadongri, Nagpur, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Vijaypur, Jammu, India,Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wanadongri, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India4Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India2024101620241016<p class="Pa20">Dear Editor,</p><p>The medical curriculum for implementation in any nation is designed considering multiple aspects. It becomes the responsibility of the local administrators/medical educators to set it to the specific local needs of the community where the institution is located.[1,2] Participatory rural appraisal methods are the qualitative and cost‑effective approaches to involve the rural community in identifying problems and finding potential solutions, thereby empowering them……………..</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2164http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2164/70707733

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-90662952024091221652165ENDepartment of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Department of Medical Education, Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranCommunity Health Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Critical Care, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2024101620241016<p>In the article titled “The Effect of Magnetic Therapy on Postoperative Urinary Retention in Patients Undergoing Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial”, published on pages 417-23, Issue 4, Volume 29 of Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research,[1] the name of the “Mohammad sadegh Aboutalebi” author is written incorrectly as “Mohammad Sadegh Abotalebi” instead of “Mohammad sadegh Aboutalebi”.</p><p>The “How to cite this article” section should read correctly as “Zarei G, Mosleh S, Zare S, Aboutalebi MS. The effect of magnetic therapy on postoperative urinary retention in patients undergoing surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2024;29:417-23.”</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2165http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2165/70707734