Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513275282ENNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JordanNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,20250510<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient Satisfaction (PS) is a key indicator of health‑care service quality. This review compared PS in medical and surgical wards among developed and developing countries.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This systematic review of cross‑sectional studies was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Related articles were identified through a search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using a combination of relevant terms from January 2000 to December 2022. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of related studies. Narrative synthesis was used for the extracted data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 7656 records retrieved, 61 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies used three reporting schemes for PS: the overall status of PS, the percentage of satisfied patients, and the mean and standard deviation of PS scores. The overall status of PS was higher in developed countries compared to developing countries. In developing countries, 59.25% of studies reported high levels of satisfaction, while in developed countries, all seven studies reported high levels. The percentage of satisfied patients varied, with a higher percentage in developed countries. In developing countries, nine studies reported over 75% satisfaction, 12 studies reported 50%–75% satisfaction, and three studies reported less than 50% satisfaction. In contrast, developed countries had one study reporting over 75% satisfaction and one study reporting 35%–61% satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low PS in developing countries necessitates better nursing care. A global standard for assessing PS is needed for improved health‑care service quality monitoring worldwide.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2231http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2231/70707820

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513283292EN1.Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran, 2.Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran1. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, 2. Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran1. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran,2. Department of Public Health, Damghan School of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IranDepartment of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IranDepartment of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran2025051120250511<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nurses are exposed to various occupational stressors that can negatively impact their psychological health and well‑being. This cross‑sectional study aimed to identify individual and occupational risk factors associated with psychological health and workload among Iranian clinical nurses. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A cross‑sectional study was conducted on 131 nurses at a teaching and training hospital in Semnan, Iran, from April to October 2020. Data were collected through self‑reported questionnaires assessing psychological health, mental health exhaustion, workload levels, and demographic information. Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation were used to analyze the data. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately half of the participants reported moderate symptoms of psychological health problems. Higher rates of psychological health issues were observed in emergency, gynecology, and internal medicine units. Younger nurses and those with less experience were more likely to report negative feelings toward their job. Extended working hours (12 hours) were associated with increased workload. Significant positive correlations were found between sub‑dimensions of psychological health and workload. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that work environment stressors, such as extended working hours and heavy workloads, are associated with job dissatisfaction and exhaustion among clinical nurses. To improve the psychological health and job satisfaction of nurses, it is essential to implement organizational strategies such as reducing overtime work and providing flexible work schedules, particularly for experienced nurses.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2232http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2232/70707821

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513293301ENDepartment of Nursing, PhD in Nursing, Nursing Care Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Nursing, Associate Professor, Nursing Care Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Nursing, Assistant Professor, Nursing Care Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Medical, Student Research Committee, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,Department of Nursing, Professor, Nursing Care Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran2025051120250511<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most medical students assist in providing services to patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Therefore, promoting their mental health will increase care outcomes. Medical students may use the Internet more than other students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and Internet Addiction (IA) level among students of medical sciences. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on about 710 medical students of Babol Medical Sciences University, Iran, from September 2020 to June 2021. The links of web-based tools were provided through virtual networks. Data were collected using a the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (C-19AS). Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in AMOS and SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the present study showed that the mean score of IA was 52.55 (18.31) and most students (41.1%) had moderate IA. The mean score of C-19AS was 18.97 (11.64) and most participants (40.7%) were normal and 30.6% of them had mild COVID-19 anxiety. There was a significant relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and IA (<em>r </em>= 0.20; <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001). The variables of having a history of COVID-19, having a family history of COVID-19, and the amount of daily Internet use played a moderating role in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and IA. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results showed that the IA scores of most students were moderate and most of the students had normal COVID-19 anxiety. Moreover, the IA level increased with increase in COVID-19 anxiety.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2233http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2233/70707823

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513302309Social Medicine Specialist, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Community Health Nursing, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2025051120250511<p><strong>Background: </strong>The number of suicide attempts has increasingly grown over the last few years. Describing and stating the experiences suicide attempters have undergone and the consequences of such actions is of significant importance. Hence, this study was performed to uncover and communicate the experiences of young suicide attempters and their parents through a qualitative method and with a phenomenological approach. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study was conducted based on the descriptive phenomenological method. The data collection method was an in‑depth, semi‑structured interview, and 8 adolescents and 8 parents were interviewed. The collected data were then analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As a result of scrutinizing the data through Colaizzi’s analysis, 14 subthemes and 4 main themes (helplessness and feeling unsupported, poor self‑esteem, generation gaps, and negative emotions and inappropriate emotional reactions) were derived. The lived experiences of adolescent suicide attempters and their parents indicate that suicide is a complex, painful, and bitter ordeal, and comprehending all of its aspects is not feasible and is hardly achievable. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings show that the adolescents were suffering from undesirable and irritating emotional experiences and agitation arising from different factors such as problematic and unsupportive emotional relationships inside and outside the family, generation gap, and losing control of negative emotions.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2234http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2234/70707824

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513310316EN1.Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 2Department of Basic Sciences, Lorestan University, Lorestan, IranDepartment of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Health Deputy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran2025051120250511<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite recommendations from guidelines and institutions, dental care utilization during pregnancy remains uncommon. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of poor dental care during pregnancy in Razavi Khorasan.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A population‑based, cross‑sectional study was carried out randomly on 670 mothers in 2022. Dental care utilization, oral health, and reasons for dental care usage were measured by a reliable and validated questionnaire. The data collection included information about parents, pregnancy, oral health, and dental care. Predictors associated with barriers to receiving dental care were identified and reported as Odds Ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals. For statistical analysis, Stata14 software was also used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In general, 80.89% of mothers did not visit the dentist during pregnancy, 3.73% of them brushed and flossed twice or more a day, and 8.66% of them received dental care twice or more a year. Mothers with higher education received more dental care during pregnancy (OR = 3.42 (1.06, 11.07); <em>p </em>= 0.03). Nevertheless, mothers who had adhered to yearly dental care received less dental care during pregnancy (OR = 0.36 (0.17; 0.74); <em>p </em>= 0.00). Based on information about pregnancy history, dental care was less likely to be considered important during pregnancy, when there was multiparity and short pregnancy distances (OR = 0.39 (0.16; 0.96); <em>p </em>= 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results of this study showed that awareness among pregnant women and healthcare providers about the importance of oral healthcare during pregnancy was very poor and the consequences of neglecting it were often underestimated, especially during crises and epidemics.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2235http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2235/70707825

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513317321ENDepartment of Midwifery, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran1.A Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, Victoria, Iran, 2. School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Iran, 3. Road Traffic Injury Research Center, IranStudent Research Committee, Tabriz Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,1.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,2.Department of Family Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran2025051120250511<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety Assessment Scale for pregnant women in labor (AASPWL), which includes nine items in two subdomains, has been designed as the first specific tool for assessing the anxiety of pregnant mothers in labor. Anxiety is one of the most common psychological complications of mothers in labor and one of the factors affecting the experience of childbirth and maternal delivery satisfaction. Until now, a questionnaire concerning women’s anxiety in labor has not yet been used in Iran. This tool can better determine maternal anxiety compared to other general tools and help take necessary measures if needed; however, its validity and reliability have not been determined. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of AASPWL in Iranian women.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Through purposive sampling, 180 pregnant women hospitalized for labor between 2021 and 2022 were included in the study. AASPWL was evaluated regarding face and content validity using a quantitative method and construct validity (through confirmatory factor analyses). The questionnaire’s reliability was determined using the internal consistency method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) of the AASPWL instrument were 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. The impact score of all items was above 1.5. The values of the fit indices confirmed the validity of the model. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.72 for factor 1, 0.66 for factor 2, and 0.65 for the whole instrument.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Persian version of AASPWL is a reliable and trustworthy tool for evaluating labor anxiety regarding Iranian women.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2236http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2236/70707826

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513322331ENMedical Doctor Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia1. Midwifery Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, 2. Master Program on Public Health Science, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia,Medical Doctor Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, IndonesiaMedical Doctor Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, IndonesiaMedical Doctor Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia,Midwifery Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia,Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia2025051120250511<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of COVID‑19 on vulnerable populations, including pregnant female, is critical due to higher risks and potential complications. This study aims to compare the clinical and laboratory features of COVID‑19 between pregnant and non‑pregnant female. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 245 COVID‑19 patients admitted to Universitas Sabellas Maret (UNS) Hospital, Indonesia, from March 2020 to May 2022. Among them, 72 were pregnant, and 173 were non‑pregnant. Data on demographics, clinical presentations, and laboratory findings were collected from medical records. Statistical analysis utilized Chi‑square or Fisher exact tests, Mann‑Whitney or independent t‑tests, and multiple linear regression. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant demographic differences were found, except in hospitalization status. Clinically, pregnant female had a higher prevalence of symptoms such as cough (<em>p </em>= 0.002), fatigue (<em>p </em>= 0.025), and shortness of breath (<em>p </em>= 0.035), with no differences in other symptoms or length of stay. Laboratory findings indicated significant differences in White Cell Count (WCC), Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC), High Fluorescence Lymphocyte Count (HFLC), lymphocyte percentage, neutrophil percentage, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Red Cell Count (RCC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (Hct), Platelet Count (PC), Prothrombin Time (PT), International Normalized Ratio (INR), D‑Dimer, and Sodium (<em>p </em>values &lt; 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified WCC, lymphocyte percentage, HFLC, neutrophil percentage, PT, INR, D‑Dimer, Creatinine, and Potassium as significant predictors of length of stay (R²adj = 0.874, F = 17.979, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pregnant female with COVID‑19 exhibited distinct laboratory profiles compared to non‑pregnant female. These findings highlight the need for tailored management strategies for COVID‑19 in pregnant patients and provide a foundation for further research.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2237http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2237/70707827

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513332342EN1.Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2.PhD Student in Nursing, Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Full Professor of Iranian Research Center on Aging, Nursing Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran2025051120250511<p><strong>Background: </strong>Family participation in patient care is critical for delivering quality care, and many interventions in the healthcare system have been dedicated to improving this complex process. There is no agreement about what this participation means and how it should be conducted. The current study aims to clarify the concept of family participation in hospitalized patient care. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study used a hybrid model and a three‑step concept analysis. In the theoretical phase, credential databases were searched to retrieve studies published from 1990 to 2022. In the fieldwork phase, semistructured interviews were conducted with six patients, six family members, and five healthcare workers. In the last phase, data from these steps were analyzed using conventional content analysis based on the Graneheim and Lundman approach. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the final analysis, ‘family participation in hospitalized patient care’ is a centric‑process multidimensional phenomenon that includes involvement in comprehensive patient care and healthcare decision‑making. This partnership is based on “interactions”, “information exchange”, “collaboration between families and healthcare teams”, and “support from the healthcare system”. If it is implemented in a planned and coordinated manner, family participation can lead to positive consequences for the healthcare system and favorable outcomes for hospitalized patients. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides insights into the concept of family participation as well as its features and factors affecting its correct implementation. Healthcare providers need to boost their knowledge regarding this type of care and improve clinical practice in this area.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2238http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2238/70707828

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513343348ENInstructor, Department of Nursing, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran1.Faculty Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran, 2.Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Nursing, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IranHematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran2025051120250511<p><strong>Background: </strong>Quality of life (QoL) is an important indicator for evaluating treatment outcomes among cancer patients. Therefore, this study aimed to assess QoL and associated factors among Iranian gastric and colorectal cancer survivors.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This epidemiologic study was conducted among 120 gastric and colorectal cancer survivors in Shahid Ghazi Hospital affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2019. Participants were selected through the convenience sampling method. The data collection instrument included a demographic and disease‑related checklist and cancer‑related QoL questionnaire (QLQ‑C30). Data were collected using face‑to‑face interviews and analyzed by the logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average overall QoL score was 48.98. Based on the threshold, more than half of the participants had a problem in physical performance, cognitive performance, emotional performance, fatigue, pain, and financial subscales. Anemia and marital status were the most predictors in all subscales. HTN and physical activity are the strongest predictors for global QoL subscale and symptom subscale, respectively. These factors predicted a significant proportion of variance for QoL (84% for global QoL, 83.50% for functional subscale, and 67.30% for symptom subscale).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlighted that the QoL level of gastrointestinal cancer patients was low. In our study, anemia, marital status, BUN/Cr, HTN, and physical activity were identified as the most important predictor factors of QoL. Therefore, it seems that the formulation and implementation of supportive care programs that aimed to resolve these health problems can play a crucial role in improving the QoL of patients.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2239http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2239/70707829

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513349355ENDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaNeuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaFaculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia2025051120250511<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient safety culture, which reflects fundamental assumptions and actions related to patient safety, remains unchanged after accreditation. Missed nursing care is prevalent in university hospitals and affects the occurrence of adverse events. This study aims to determine the effect of patient safety culture on missed nursing care and adverse events as perceived by nurses at university hospitals.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This cross‑sectional study was conducted using an online survey at six university hospitals in Indonesia from September to November 2021. The survey included the Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ), the missed nursing care instrument by the international RN4Cast consortium, and the adverse event instrument by the International Hospital Outcomes Research Consortium. A total of 330 nurses completed the survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 330 nurses participated in this study, resulting in an 89% response rate. The findings show a significant correlation between safety culture and missed nursing care (r = 0.153; <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001) and between safety culture and adverse events (r = 0.001 <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001). The positive coefficient value indicates that a better safety culture was associated with reduced missed nursing care. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between missed nursing care and adverse events (r = 0.146, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), indicating that a higher incidence of missed nursing care leads to more adverse events.</p><p> <strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicates that modification on patient safety culture correlates with changes in missed nursing care and adverse events as quality of nursing services.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2240http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2240/70707831

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513356364ENFaculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranFaculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran2025051120250511<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diagnosing a child with cancer is one of the most intense and challenging experiences that a family can face. Caring for children with cancer is one of the most challenging areas of the nursing profession, technically and emotionally, and nurses face various ethical issues in this regard. This study aims to explore nurses’ perceptions of providing ethical care for children with cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study applied a qualitative design and a purposive sampling method. Participants included 21 nurses with experience in caring for children with cancer. Data were collected using semi‑structured interviews and analyzed using inductive content analysis. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analysis revealed three categories and seven subcategories. First, barriers to providing ethical care (subcategories: parents making decisions instead of the child, cultural misinterpretations, and reference to fortune‑tellers). Second, facilitators of providing ethical care (subcategories: family hopefulness and parents’ religious background). Third, approaches for providing ethical care (subcategories: the necessity of conducting research in the field of cultural backgrounds and the establishment of ethical‑religious committees). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study presents some significant barriers, facilitators, and approaches to providing ethical care for children with cancer. These results are based on nurses’ experiences and perceptions. All healthcare professionals can use our results to provide high‑quality and ethical care for children with cancer.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2241http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2241/70707834

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513365372ENReproductive Health Department, Reproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran2025051220250512<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID‑19 pandemic put enormous pressure on healthcare providers and patients. Exploring the experiences of healthcare providers involved in this crisis can help prevent potential complications and manage similar crises in the future. This study aimed to explain the experiences of healthcare providers in providing care for patients with COVID‑19.</p><p> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 20 healthcare providers from three hospitals who cared for patients with COVID‑19 in 2021 in Isfahan, Iran. Purposive sampling method was used to select the participants. Data were collected by conducting face‑to‑face interviews with the participants. The place and time of the interview was arranged considering the willingness and comfort of the participants. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis approach based on the criteria proposed by Graneheim and Lundman.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of the participants’ narratives led to four categories, including unexpected exposure, spiritual health as an agent of victory over the disease, corona phobia as the cause of exhaustion and impaired concentration in healthcare providers, and proper management as the requirement of disease control. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>During crises caused by infectious diseases such as COVID‑19, timely and appropriate planning, prediction and allocation of material, equipment, and human resources on the one hand, and attention to all aspects of employees’ health, including spiritual health, and the use of various ways to enhance their motivation and provide comprehensive support for the personnel on the other hand, can lead to the delivery of high‑quality patient care and effective control of the crisis.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2242http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2242/70707835

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513373378EN1.Doctoral of Nursing Student, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, 2.Nursing Science Programs, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung, Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia,Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaNursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaNursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaNursing Science Programs, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung, Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, IndonesiaInstitute of Health Science Suaka Insan, Banjarmasin, IndonesiaNursing Science Programs, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung, Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, IndonesiaNursing Science Programs, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung, Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, IndonesiaNursing Science Programs, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Lambung, Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia2025051220250512<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that often leads to diabetic ulcers and persistent hyperglycemia. This condition can cause vascular and metabolic abnormalities, affecting bone marrow performance and altering the hematological profile of patients. This study investigates the correlation between blood glucose levels and hematological profiles in DM patients with diabetic ulcers.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A quantitative, experimental laboratory study was conducted with 30 blood samples from DM patients at Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin, Indonesia, in February 2023, using purposive sampling. Hematological profiles were analyzed with an automatic hematology analyzer, while blood glucose levels were measured using Point‑of‑Care Testing (POCT). The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) was assessed by the Westergren method. Pearson and Spearman coefficients were used to compare ESR results at different intervals, and a regression equation was derived to predict conventional ESR values from micro ESR results. Statistical analysis was performed using multiple correlation regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between blood glucose and hematological parameters: hemoglobin (<em>p </em>= 0.013), hematocrit (<em>p </em>= 0.011), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) (<em>p </em>= 0.044), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) (<em>p </em>= 0.152). No significant correlation was found between blood glucose and the number of erythrocytes (<em>p </em>= 0.997), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) (<em>p </em>= 0.152), total leukocytes (<em>p </em>= 0.082), or platelet count (<em>p </em>= 0.484).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A moderate correlation (r = 0.422) was observed between blood glucose levels and the hematological profile in DM patients with diabetic ulcers.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2243http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2243/70707836

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513379383EN1.Nursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2.Nursing Administration Department, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Egypt,Nursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia1. Nursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2.Family and Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, EgyptDepartment of Community and Psychatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Najran University, Saudi Arabia2025051220250512<p><strong>Background: </strong>The work of employees and the business is significantly impacted by leaders who exhibit toxic habits. This study investigated the relationship between healthcare providers’ engagement in healthcare organizations and toxic leadership behaviours.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A descriptive correlational study design was employed in ten hospitals. Three hundred fifty-five healthcare professionals made up the study sample, which was selected using a convenient sampling technique. The two instruments used to gather data were the work engagement questionnaire and the toxic leadership scale.</p><p> <strong>Results: </strong>Physicians have the highest mean score regarding toxic leaders’ behaviours (92.44). In contrast, pharmacists have the lowest mean score for toxic leader’s behaviours (73.51). Pharmacists have the highest mean score regarding employee engagement (145.10), while physicians have the lowest score (122.80). A significant negative correlation exists between toxic leaders’ behaviours and employee engagement within the only nursing staff (<em>r </em>= 0.683, <em>p </em>= 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The actions of toxic leaders negatively correlate with staff members’ level of engagement. There is a statistically significant difference between healthcare providers regarding all dimensions of employee engagement and toxic leadership behaviours.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2244http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2244/70707837

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513384390ENPhD Candidate in Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,PhD Candidate in Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranPhD Candidate in Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,PhD Candidate in Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,PhD Candidate in Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,PhD Candidate in Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranProfessor of Reproductive Health, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2025051220250512<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The childbirth experience encompasses a complex interplay of physical, emotional, and psychological factors, shaping a woman’s overall well‑being and potentially influencing her future reproductive plans. The current study aimed to evaluate the influential factors of respectful maternity care and its relationship with women’s future fertility decisions. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This cross‑sectional study was conducted on 308 postpartum women hospitalized in the postpartum wards of educational hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences between April and September 2021. Data were collected using convenience sampling method by a sociodemographic and obstetric checklist and a standard Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics and the linear regression model (95% confidence level).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings show that 50.65% of participants would like to have another child, and only 26.62% of them reach the desired number of children. The mean score of RMC was 66.55 (7.13), and variables such as duration of hospital stay, oxytocin induction, episiotomy, birth preparation classes, and level of education were the main predictors of RMC (p-value &lt; 0.05). In addition, a positive correlation was found between the total score of RMC, the next intended fertility (r = 0.24), and ideal fertility in the best socioeconomic condition (r = 0.22). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates a strong association between hospital stay duration, oxytocin induction, episiotomy, birth class attendance, education level, and RMC. Addressing these factors can enhance maternity care quality, childbirth experiences, and ultimately contribute to optimal fertility outcomes.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2245http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2245/70707810http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2245/70707838

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513391396ENSchool of Nursing Education, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, KazakhstanDepartment of Science, National Research Oncology Center, Astana, KazakhstanSchool of Nursing Education, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, KazakhstanSchool of Nursing Education, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, KazakhstanSchool of Nursing Education, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, KazakhstanSchool of Nursing Education, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, KazakhstanSchool of Medicine, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan2025051220250512<p><strong>Background: </strong>Service design method is a user‑centric approach to improve the service through the patient point of view. The general purpose of the study was to improve satisfaction and increase service delivery in the occupational health clinic.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This is descriptive, qualitative study that utilized a service design approach and was conducted at an Occupational Health Clinic in Kazakhstan from March to September 2022. Data collection methods included observation and semi‑structured interviews. The study involved the participation of 15 patients and 5 nurses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The collaborative efforts of the multiprofessional team resulted in significant enhancements to patient satisfaction and service delivery at the occupational health clinic. Initiatives such as addressing wait times for medical documentation led to notable improvements, as reflected in positive feedback from 15 patients. The overall quality of medical service received earned an impressive average rating of 5 out of 5, signaling the successful achievement of the research aim.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The implementation of targeted initiatives, guided by a service design approach, has unequivocally elevated patient satisfaction and streamlined service delivery within the occupational health clinic. The collaborative efforts of the multiprofessional team, exemplified by initiative measures and innovative solutions, have addressed key areas such as waiting time, appointment organization, and recreational offerings. These outcomes not only validate the efficacy of the undertaken changes but also underscore the clinic’s commitment to continuous improvement in fostering a patient‑centric and efficient healthcare environment.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2246http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2246/70707811http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2246/70707839

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513397406ENDepartment of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Medical Surgical, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranReproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranReproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Nursing Critical Care, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran6Department of Medical Education, Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Isfahan Cancer Registry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2025051220250512<p><strong>Background: </strong>The mortality rate of breast cancer has increased in women who are referred late in the advanced stages of their disease, while morbidity and mortality from cancer can be reduced through prevention programs, such as self‑care behaviors and early detection. Therefore, more attention should be paid to primary prevention, self‑care, and the role of women in breast cancer prevention. The aim of this study was to describe women’s experiences of self‑care in breast cancer prevention.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this descriptive‑exploratory qualitative study, 38 participants, including 23 women who were eligible for breast cancer screening, eight service providers, and seven health policymakers, were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi‑structured interviews and analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. To assess data trustworthiness, Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study are summarized in one theme, three categories, and eight subcategories. The theme extracted from the data analysis was “the agency of women in self‑care in breast cancer prevention,” which included three main categories: women’s understanding of the concept of self‑care in breast health, subjective challenges in breast cancer prevention, and active management and follow‑up of breast health status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provided a new understanding of the experience regarding women’s self‑care in breast cancer prevention. The experiences were in a wide range demanding comprehensive attention. Healthcare authorities/providers can use the findings of this study to develop strategies to support women regarding preventive self‑care for breast cancer.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2247http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2247/70707841

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513407412ENDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta, IndonesiaFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana, Yogyakarta, IndonesiaFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,Department of Psychology, Institut Parahita Padma, Yogyakarta, Indonesia2025051220250512<p><strong>Background: </strong>While aging is associated with health decline leading to disability, gratitude is vital for it has positive impacts on health, both mentally and physically. Being grateful reduces stress, lowers blood pressure, and improves sleep patterns. The study aimed to identify variables associated with gratitude in elderly with disability.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This research was a descriptive analytical cross‑sectional study. Respondents were people aged 60 years and over with disability. They were recruited using purposive sampling. Data on demography, living arrangements, self‑reported diseases, age at disability onset, disability (assessed using Washington Group Short of Questions on Functioning), independence in daily activities [assessed using Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaires], and gratitude (measured with a questionnaire) were collected from the respondents. Multivariate linear regression analysis with a stepwise method was used to identify variables significantly correlated with gratitude.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty‑five older people aged 60–90 years participated in the study. The respondents had mobility, speech, hearing, or speech impairment. The stepwise linear regression showed that IADL and living arrangement explained 40% variance in the gratitude with F = 17.99, <em>p </em>&lt; .001 (R2=0.40). Independence in instrumental daily activities and living with family were positively associated with gratitude in elderly with disability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Independence in daily activities and living arrangement are significant factors associated with gratitude in elderly with disability. The findings suggest priority be given to those living alone and needing help for daily activities. Exercise to increase gratitude can be incorporated into holistic care of elderly.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2248http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2248/70707842

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513413420ENDepartment of Psychiatry, International Centre for Healthcare and Medical Education (ICHME), LondonDepartment of Health, Social Care and Education, Middlesex University, London, UKHowDepartment of Health, Social Care and Education, Middlesex University, London, UKHow2025051220250512<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hospitals are experiencing a surge in social admissions, saturating beds required for more severe pathologies. Nurses, midwives, and other health care workers can explore this issue by using self‑reflective practice to research this phenomenon in depth. This study presents primary qualitative research methods in nursing and midwifery to explore novel hospital presentations. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The study was conducted from February 2023 to January 2024. We describe the theoretical and practical applications of qualitative inquiry, including Kolb’s self‑reflective practice, storytelling, autoethnography, and critical incident analysis, to improve research practice in nursing and generate practice‑based evidence and strategies for policy. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We crafted and analyzed four prototypical vignettes of people who typically present with social illnesses, epitomized by borderline personality disorder and its impact. By merging patient stories with nurses’ autoethnographies, we can expand insider views and research tools in qualitative research. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Qualitative exploratory analysis provided robust and convincing accounts of how nurses and midwives can face and relate to problematic situations in health care. Nurses can use both patients’ narratives and their own to extract salient points and guidance for understanding, theorizing, changing, and policymaking.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2249http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2249/70707843

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513421425ENDepartment of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran2025051220250512<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mandala coloring is a distraction strategy to reduce the anxiety in children. However, it has received little attention for the management of anxiety in hospitalized children. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of mandala coloring on preoperative anxiety in children.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled trial study was conducted using a pre‑test–post‑test design in two intervention and control groups. The 64 school‑age children, who were admitted to the pediatric surgery ward in Mofid Hospital in Tehran, were allocated to the test and control groups, using a single‑blind block randomized design. Children in the control group underwent routine preoperative visits. Meanwhile, the children in the intervention group, mandala coloring intervention was done at least one hour before entering the operating room for 15–20 minutes. The level of anxiety was measured through the Spielberger State‑Trait Anxiety Inventory, before and after the intervention of both groups. Results were analyzed using <em>t</em>‑test and Pearson correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the intervention group, there was a statistically significant in post‑intervention than the pre‑intervention and the children reported a lower level of anxiety (t = 4.51, df = 31, <em>P </em>= 0.01). But, after the intervention, there was not a statistically significant between the intervention and control groups in terms of average trait (t = 1.31, df = 61.86, <em>P </em>= 0.194) and state anxiety levels (t = ‑0.152, df = 58.94, <em>P </em>= 0.879).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicated that likely, mandala coloring intervention was not effective in reducing preoperative anxiety in children. Further studies are needed to more assess the effects of mandala coloring on anxiety of children undergoing surgery</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2250http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2250/70707845

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513426432ENDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India,Department of Child Health Nursing, Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India2025051220250512<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetics face a higher risk of stroke, and the numbers are rising. In men, gender‑specific factors such as lower age and body mass index, and in women, obesity and psychosocial stress contribute to a high risk of stroke. For effective prevention, it is crucial to identify and address these risk factors.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The electronic medical records between January 2017 and December 2021 of previously diagnosed diabetic patients were obtained from a tertiary care hospital in Mangaluru, South India. It was scrutinized from (January 3, 2022, to March 12, 2022) using a validated checklist consisting of 28 items to identify the contributing factors of stroke (CVI = 0.9 and Cronbach’s alpha value = 0.83) Descriptive statistics and inferential tests such as the Chi‑square, Fisher’s exact, and odds ratio (OR) were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 3152, 569 suffered a stroke, while the remaining 2583 did not have a stroke. Out of 569, the majority were males (63.9%). It was found that coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR: 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10–2.07), use of alcohol (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.09–2.29), and smoking (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.29–2.80) were associated with the risk of stroke in men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study found that CAD and unhealthy habits such as the use of alcohol and smoking have a significant influence on the development of stroke among men and women with diabetes. Effective implementation of programs through early detection, comprehensive management, and prevention requires collaboration among healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers, and educators.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2251http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2251/70707846

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513433440ENDepartment of Nursing, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran2025051320250513<p><strong>Background: </strong>Family caregivers are crucial for the post‑discharge recovery of patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery. They encounter caregiving burdens in various aspects, affecting their well‑being and quality of life. This study explored the contributing and alleviating factors of care burden in family caregivers of patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery through qualitative content analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this qualitative study, sixteen family caregivers of patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery, were included by purposeful sampling from February to September 2023. In‑depth semi‑structured interviews were conducted. Interviews were recorded and then transcribed. Conventional content analysis was used for data analysis. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To explain the factors leading to caregiver burden, the three main categories of onslaught of physical and psychological tension, confrontation with multiple roles and tasks, and lack of resources were identified. Furthermore, the two categories of support systems and adaptive coping emerged as factors that alleviate the care burden. Also, 13 subcategories were extracted from the results. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Family caregivers of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery face numerous caregiving challenges in different physical, psychological, social, and financial aspects. In addition to strengthening and applying adaptive coping strategies, it is necessary to plan for the educational and psychological needs and financial support of caregivers.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2252http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2252/70707817

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513441446ENReproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranReproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2025051320250513<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infertility stigma is one of the well‑known psychosocial problems and can disrupt the mental health of infertile women and their family relationships. This study evaluated the relation between infertility stigma and domestic violence in infertile women.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods: </strong>This was a cross‑sectional study that was conducted on 300 women who referred to the Fertility and Infertility Center of Isfahan, IRAN (2022–2023) using a convenient sampling method. Data gathering tools were WHO Standard Domestic Violence questionnaire and Female Infertility Stigma Instrument (ISI‑F).Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 (Pearson correlation, Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and multivariate linear regression analysis). This article has been edited based on the STROBE checklist. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SD) score of infertility stigma was 64.79 (14.70) (out of 100). The mean (SD) score of domestic violence was 10.94 (16.61) (out of 100). There was a significant positive relation between the score of infertility stigma and the total score of domestic violence, physical violence, mental violence, and sexual violence <em>p</em>&lt;0.001. The highest correlation was found between mental violence and infertility stigma (r = 0.359). Economic status (<em>p </em>= 0.001), infertility factor (<em>p </em>= 0.007), and infertility stigma <em>p</em>&lt;0.001 were predictors of domestic violence. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Infertility stigma was related with all the aspects of domestic violence. Infertility stigma was a predictor of domestic violence. It is necessary to plan interventions to deal with infertility stigma and domestic violence in infertile women. Psychological counseling should be considered along with infertility treatment.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2253http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2253/70707818

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630320250513447448ENDepartment of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia,The Bachelor of Nursing Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, IndonesiaThe Bachelor of Nursing Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, IndonesiaDepartment of Fundamental Nursing Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia2025051320250513<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study compared the Quality of Life (QoL) between new and recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients, a crucial indicator for those undergoing treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A cross‑sectional comparative study was conducted at eight community health centres in Garut, West Java, Indonesia. Convenience sampling was used to recruit patients aged &gt;15 years with new or recurrent pulmonary TB. QoL was assessed using the WHOQOL tool. Data were analyzed using an independent <em>t</em>‑test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>54 new and 60 recurrent pulmonary TB patients participated. Recurrent TB patients Mean(SD) scored significantly higher in the psychological domain 58.30 (10.63) compared to new TB patients 53.70 (10.31) (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.05, <em>t</em>‑test: ‑2.34).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>New pulmonary TB patients experience greater psychological burden, highlighting the need for targeted psychological support to improve their overall QoL.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2254http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2254/70707819