Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250802449460ENCancer Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranLibrary Manager, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran1.Department of Operation Room, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran, 2.Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2025080220250802<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>The sexual health of cancer patients may be impaired by cancer diagnosis, treatment‑related complications. The goal of this systematic review is to describe the interventions used to improve sexual health in Iranian cancer patients. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Iranian databases (Magiran, SID, NoorMags), and gray literature from their inception until 21 December 2023. Keywords include sexual health, sexuality, sexual activity, sexual function, cancer, neoplasm, tumor, malignancy, and Iran. The reference lists of articles were also searched. Trials were included that compared psychosexual interventions in adults aged 18 years or over with a cancer diagnosis versus usual care and other controls. These trials were conducted in Iran and were results published in Persian or English journals and reported sexual outcomes as the main findings. Two review authors independently considered trials for inclusion in the review, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted data. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>All studies (n = 291) were reviewed and 20 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (n = 18) focused on breast cancer patients and were conducted in Tehran (n = 11). The majority of studies were psychosexual interventions leading to positive effects in aspects of sexual health, including body image, sexual function, sexual satisfaction, sexual self‑esteem, sexual schemas, sexual quality of life, and sexual desire. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results showed that psychosexual interventions have been effective in improving the sexual health of cancer patients. Sexual health care should be an integral part of holistic, person‑centered care for patients with cancer.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2255http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2255/70707847

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250802461467ENDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IranAssociate Professor of Nursing, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IranProfessor of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAssociate Professor of Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IranKavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IranDepartment of Cardiology, Healthy Heart Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IranDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran2025080220250802<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Transition theory addresses the experiences of coping with changes in stages, roles, identities, situations, or positions. It emphasizes understanding the nature of these changes, facilitating and supporting the experience and response at various stages, and maintaining health before, during, or after the transition process. This study examined the effects of “transition theory‑based interventions” on nursing care outcomes.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This scoping review followed the methodology proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. A comprehensive search was conducted across ProQuest, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar to identify studies where transition theory‑based interventions were utilized as an independent variable in interventional designs. Identified studies underwent a four‑stage screening process, and the final selection was made based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The screening process is detailed in the PRISMA diagram. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 476 articles initially identified, 24 were shortlisted for further review. After applying the inclusion criteria, 11 studies focusing on care interventions grounded in transition theory were included. These comprised five randomized clinical trials and six quasi‑experimental studies. A synthesis of the findings revealed that transition theory‑based interventions significantly improved various outcomes, including quality of life, hope, self‑efficacy, readmission rates, caregiver burden, and role mastery.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implementing nursing care interventions grounded in nursing theories, such as transition theory, is critical to bridging the gap between theory and practice. Transition theory‑based care tailored to individuals undergoing diverse transitional experiences can enhance positive outcomes in nursing care.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2256http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2256/70707848

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250802468473ENDepartment of Nursing, Zeynab (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran1Department of Nursing, Zeynab (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,Department of Nursing, Zeynab (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran2025080220250802<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>General health and medication adherence is important to improve quality of life. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self‑efficacy for appropriate medication use and general health of the retired elderly.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This was a cross‑sectional descriptive and analytic study conducted on 112 elderly referred to retirement centers in east of Guilan in North of Iran by random sampling method. Data were collected using a self‑efficacy for appropriate medication use scale in the elderly, a general health questionnaire, and a personal information form. Data were analyzed by nonparametric tests and Spearman coefficient using SPSS software version 16 (SPSS software version 16, IBM company, Chicago, USA). <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that most of the elderly had good general health levels (64%) and high self‑efficacy for appropriate medication use (83%). Self‑efficacy for appropriate medication use was associated with general health (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.05) and with increasing self‑efficacy score for appropriate medication use by one unit, the odds of being healthy increased by 23%. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"> </p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2257http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2257/70707849

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250802474480ENDepartment of Nursing and Midwifery, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, , Iran,Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Razi School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Department of Nursing and Midwifery School, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, IranDepartment of Nursing and Midwifery, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, , Iran2025080220250802<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Nurses faced serious challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploring nurses’ experiences in caring for patients with COVID-19 can help address their challenges and improve the quality of care provided to patients. This study aimed to explore the burnout experienced by Iranian nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in Sirjan. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This qualitative study was conducted in 2020 using the conventional content analysis method. Granheim and Landman’s approach was used for data analysis. Ten nurses providing care to patients with COVID-19 were selected through purposeful sampling. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using MAXQDA software. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>Data analysis revealed ten primary categories, three subcategories, and one theme (burnout as a consequence of unavoidable care provision) extracted from the data analysis. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The COVID-19 outbreak and its challenges had a significant impact on nurses’ mental health. Nurses were constantly concerned about their patients, their families, and their own well-being. A shortage of staff, equipment, and safe working conditions, along with organizational pressures, led to emotional exhaustion. Nurses also felt isolated due to negative reactions from their families, colleagues, and patients’ families. These stressors had a cumulative effect, resulting in burnout that must be addressed by healthcare authorities to ensure the well-being of nurses and improve the quality of care provided.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2258http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2258/70707850

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250712481485ENDepartment of Pediatric Nursing, Nursing Department, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Pediatric Nursing, Nursing Department, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Maternity Nursing, Nursing Department, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes, Surabaya, Indonesia2025080220250802<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Families who assume the limitations and negative impacts of having an autistic child as a major stressor tend to have a severe stress level, which results in maladaptive family coping and low caring behavior, so failure of autistic children occurs. This study aimed to analyze the effect of family coping models based on stress assessment to caring behavior of school‑aged autistic children. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Quasi‑experimental research was conducted on parents of 7–12 years old autistic children in center autism Surabaya, Indonesia. A large sample was used and the rule of thumb was used in sem, 9 indicators × 12 observed variables = 108. Parents were classified into a control group of 54 people without treatment and a control group of 54 people with treatment, who were given an application of randomly determined coping model. Data were collected from May to July 2022 using a questionnaire. Two‑way test of variance using Wilcoxon signed ranks was used, and the difference test between groups uses Mann–Whitney U. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>The difference test between in the controlled group shows any significant differences in family coping (z = 0.13) and ability the care for school-age autistic children (z = 0.08). The difference test between samples in the treatment group shows that there are significant differences in family coping (z = 5.04) and ability to care for school-age children autistic (z = 5.08). The difference test between the control and treatment groups shows that there are significant differences in family coping (z = 5.75) and the ability to care for school-age children autistic (z = 7.00).</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a significant difference on family coping and caring behavior between the control and treatment groups, which is going to be good. It was shown that creating an adaptive family coping was necessary.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2259http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2259/70707851

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250714486490ENDepartment of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranHealth Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranHealth Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran2Health Policy and Management Research Center, Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, 3Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran2025080420250804<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>The influential role of professional ethics on service provision has been paid attention globally, especially in dealing with healthcare staff. The present study aimed to determine the barriers to respect to the Professional Ethics Standards (PES) in nurses working in educational hospitals of University of Medical Sciences in the province of Yazd, Iran, in 2022. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study was quantitative cross‑sectional. The participants (<em>n </em>= 170) were selected based on a stratified sampling policy, and data were collected using a standard questionnaire comprised of three managerial, environmental, and individual caregiving areas. Data were analyzed using independent t‑tests and ANOVA. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant relationship between the nurses’ service department and respect to the PES. While there was no significant relationship between nurses’ demographic characteristics and barriers to respect to the PES. Among the identified challenges, environmental factors (72.09%), individual caregiving issues (58.72%), and managerial obstacles (58.38%) ranked highest, respectively. The most important challenges were included in staff shortage under the management category 4.26 (0.96), body physiological changes due to having the night shifts 4.11 (0.98) as an environmental category, and expected basic needs like adequate pay or rest 4.16 (1.01) in the caregiving category. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, a balance between income and expenses, addressing shortages in personnel, and an efficient way to schedule shifts with minimal possible consequences from biological changes at work during the night shift would be the major implications that policymakers could take into consideration for optimizing the respect to the PES by nurses.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2278http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2278/70707868

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250802491496ENDepartment of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IranDepartment of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IranDepartment of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Alzahra hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IranMedical Education Research Center, Education Development Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IranDepartment of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IranDepartment of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran20250802<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Privacy, recognized as a fundamental patient right, has become a focal point within the healthcare system. This study was conducted to evaluate the state of patients’ privacy in the operating rooms of academic hospitals affiliated with Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Iran. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This cross‑sectional descriptive study was carried out between October 2022 and April 2023. Eligible patients completed a questionnaire that included four sections: demographic information and physical, informational, and social dimensions of patient privacy. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 215 patients were analyzed. Younger (Mann–Whitney U = 4738, <em>Z </em>= −2.44, <em>p </em>= 0.01) and single (Chi_square χ 22 7.62, <em>p </em>= 0.02) patients significantly achieved higher scores. Male (Mann–Whitney U = 4918.5, <em>Z </em>= −0.90, <em>p </em>= 0.36) and rural (Mann–Whitney U = 5411, <em>Z </em>= −0.43, <em>p </em>= 0.66) patients also had higher scores; however, the differences were not significant. Comparing results across the five participating centers in three distinct dimensions, a significant variation was observed in the physical dimension (Chi_square 2 4 χ = 22.76, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.0001). However, no significant differences were noted in the informational (Chi_square 2 4 χ = 9.11, <em>p </em>= 0.05) and social dimensions (Chi_square 2 4 χ = 8.78, <em>p </em>= 0.06). Among hospital sectors, the Ophthalmic and ENT surgeries units’ mean (SD) scored the highest 14 (1.53), closely followed by the obstetrics’ mean (SD) 13.88 (1.98), while the cardiac surgery center’s mean (SD) scored the lowest 12.3 (2.53). <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients’ privacy was upheld, but there remains room for improvement by ensuring sufficient perioperative information is provided for the patients. Additional attention should be directed toward elderly patients and those with a history of divorce.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2261

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250713497504ENNursing and Midwifery Care Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Nursing, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, IranNursing and Midwifery Care Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2025080220250802<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) require continuous self‑care to manage potential complications and adverse effects of the disease. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Watson’s care model on the self‑care ability of these patients. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This clinical trial was conducted between November 2021 and July 2022 on 72 patients with CHF at a cardiovascular research hospital in Esfahan, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group received care based on Watson’s theory, which included audio recordings to reduce anxiety and enhance hope, individualized sessions to improve knowledge about the disease and its complications, and a 3‑month telephone follow‑up. Both groups completed a self‑care ability questionnaire before, immediately after, and 3 months after intervention. Data were analyzed using statistical tests, including analysis of variance, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, analysis of covariance, and paired <em>t</em>‑test.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>The findings demonstrated a significant difference in the total self‑care ability scores within the intervention group before, immediately after, and 3 months following the intervention (<em>F</em>_1,67= 15.73, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001). Three months after the intervention, the mean self‑care ability score was 77.65 in the control group and 123.82 in the intervention group. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study suggests that a care program based on Watson’s theory is an effective and cost‑efficient approach to enhancing self‑care ability in patients with CHF.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2262http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2262/70707853

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420260711505509ENDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,2025080320250803<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Nursing care quality is among the most important criteria influencing patient satisfaction. Violence against nurses has been proposed as a global problem in health settings. Thus, we aimed to examine the association of nursing care quality with the amount of violence against nurses to provide authorities with information for planning the provision of higher‑quality nursing care and reducing violence.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This descriptive study analyzed descriptive and inferential statistics using demographic information, the Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire, and Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Questionnaire. Using the convenience sampling method, 120 nurses and 120 patients in emergency departments in 2022 were selected as the study participants.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that 56.70% of patients reported the nursing care quality level as “favorable,” 40.80% as “somewhat favorable,” and 2.50% as “unfavorable.” The prevalence of nurses’ exposure to verbal, physical, sexual, and racial violence was 96.70%, 50.00%, 12.50%, and 10.00%, respectively. The Mann–Whitney test showed a significant association between sexual violence and the physical dimension of nursing care quality (<em>P </em>&lt; 0.05). However, nurses’ and patients’ demographic variables were not correlated with violence against nurses, and nursing care quality, respectively (<em>P </em>&gt; 0.05).</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nurses who had faced sexual violence had a lower nursing care quality score in the physical dimension including education, safety, and pain control. Therefore, it is suggested that the impact of nurse training in the above‑mentioned fields on the frequency of violence against nurses be investigated.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2263http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2263/70707854

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250713510516ENPsychology Department, Behshahr Azad University, Behshahr, IranDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Psychiatry, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranPhD Candidate for By Research Clinical Psychology, Student Research Committee, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran2025080320250803<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, internet‑based treatments have been considered reliable alternatives to face‑to‑face therapies. However, the advantages and disadvantages of using internet‑based treatment in pregnant women require further study. The study investigated the challenges, advantages, and barriers of internet‑based psychotherapy in the treatment of depression among Iranian pregnant women. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In a content analysis, semi‑structured interviews were conducted with a total of 20 participants from September 2022 to March 2023. The study included depressed pregnant women who had sought care at the midwifery centers of Babol University of Medical Sciences or specialized offices of gynecologists and midwives in Iran. The statistical population included 14 depressed pregnant women and six psychotherapists who were selected purposefully. Audio‑recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using framework analysis. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 294 codes were extracted. The results showed three main themes and their associated 13 subthemes. The first main theme, “Barriers to Internet‑based Therapy,” consists of various barriers faced by the participants. The second main theme, “Suggestions to Overcome Barriers,” examines participants’ suggested strategies for dealing with challenges. The third main theme, “Advantages of Online Therapy,” highlights the perceived benefits of internet‑based therapy. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To increase the effectiveness of online treatment in pregnant women, attention should be paid to improving technology, designing appropriate platforms, providing more education to patients, and implementing integrated approaches that combine face‑to‑face sessions with online treatment. Although online psychotherapies have their challenges, they have important benefits for pregnant women.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2264http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2264/70707855

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250714517523ENDepartment of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranEducational Supervisor Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran2025080320250803<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with cancer often struggle with coping with stress and anxiety. Additionally, the COVID‑19 crisis has reduced the availability of coping strategies for managing stress. This study aims to determine coping strategies and related factors in patients with cancer during the COVID‑19 pandemic. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive study was conducted on 305 patients with cancer admitted to the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from 2021 to 2022. The researcher used a simple random sampling method. To collect data, a demographic and clinical information questionnaire, along with the Lazarus and Folkman (1985) Ways of Coping Questionnaire, was utilized. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation, Mann–Whitney, and ANOVA tests. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SD) age of participants was 53.90 (13.54). Among the participants, 155 (50.82%) were men, 243 (79.67%) had been diagnosed less than 2 years prior, 166 (54.43%) were undergoing chemotherapy, and 81 (26.56%) had colon cancer. Patients predominantly used positive reappraisal (13.51 (2.61)) and escape‑avoidance (12.87 (2.51)) coping strategies more than other strategies. A significant relationship was found between the variables of age, sex, number of children, and education level with the coping strategies of the patients (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.05). <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that patients with cancer frequently used emotion‑based strategies to manage their stress and anxiety during the COVID‑19 pandemic. It appears that coping strategies adopted by patients differ somewhat from those before the pandemic. Thus, it is recommended to adjust training according to the demographic factors related to the coping strategies utilized by patients.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2265http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2265/70707856

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250714524530ENSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, IranSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, IranSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran2025080320250803<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Strengthening critical thinking and clinical decision‑making skills is important for nursing. Therefore, it is essential to use appropriate educational methods to influence these factors. This study aimed to assess the impact of peers’ round on nursing students’ clinical decision‑making and critical thinking abilities.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this semi‑experimental study, 67 final‑year nursing students participated in round meetings at Ganjavian Hospital in Dezful, Iran, from January 2022 to July 2023. They were selected using a census sampling method. After selecting patients from different hospital departments and presenting them in groups of 3–4 individuals, group members collected patient information and used experts’ opinions to present rounds with other students. Before and after the initiation of the program, participants completed critical thinking (18 questions) and clinical decision‑making (40 questions) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the independent <em>t</em>‑test, paired <em>t</em>‑test, Pearson correlation, and one‑way analysis of variance (ANOVA).</p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>Rounds by peers improved students’ critical thinking (t66 = 9.52; <em>p </em>&lt; 0.04) and clinical decision‑making (t66 = 2.48; <em>p </em>&lt; 0.004) after the intervention. Systematic analysis and re‑evaluation of outcomes had the lowest scores. Searching for alternatives and thinking outside the box obtained the highest scores among the questionnaire subscales. There was a relationship between critical thinking and clinical decision‑making (r = 0.075; <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001).</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Considering the effect of round by peers on critical thinking and clinical decision‑making in nursing students, nursing schools should employ new methods for the clinical training of their students.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2266http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2266/70707857

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250712531537ENCardiovascular Nursing Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCardiovascular Nursing Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNational Center for Health Insurance Research, Tehran, IranSports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A and M University, Texas, USACardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran2025080920250809<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Pain and sleep disturbances are among the most common symptoms and complications in cancer patients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acupressure at the LI4 and SP6 points on pain and sleep quality in cancer patients after surgery.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this single‑blind randomized clinical trial, cancer patients admitted to the intensive care unit at the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2022, following surgery, were divided into two equal groups of 39: an intervention group and a control group. On the second and third days after surgery, in the morning and evening, acupressure was applied bilaterally at the LI4 (hand) and SP6 (foot) points, in the experimental group. In the control group, surface touch was applied to the same points. Patients’ pain was assessed using the visual analog scale of pain, and sleep quality was measured using the Richard‑Campbell Sleep Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the two‑way repeated measures analysis of variance.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical analysis showed that the interaction effect of group and time was statistically significant (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), indicating that pain reduction was significantly greater in the experimental group compared to the control patients. A paired <em>t</em>‑test demonstrated a significant increase in sleep quality after the acupressure intervention in the experimental group (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), whereas no significant change was observed in the control group (<em>p </em>= 0.124).</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acupressure was found to effectively reduce pain and improve sleep quality in cancer patients after surgery.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2279http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2279/70707869

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250713538543ENDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IranDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2025080320250803<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Long‑term occupational stress can lead to an increase in clinical errors and negative effects on nurses’ health. This study aims to investigate occupational stress and its related factors in nurses working in the educational hospitals of Kashan University of Medical Sciences.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This cross‑sectional study was conducted at Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 2019, in which 350 nurses were selected by stratified random sampling. Demographic information and Hospital job Stress Assessment questionnaire (HSS) were two parts of the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 22 software. For statistical analysis, background variables were described first. Independent <em>t</em>‑tests, ANOVA, and their nonparametric equivalents or regression models were used to investigate the relationship between the occupational stress and background variables. The correlation coefficient was then used to assess the relationship between the quantitative variables.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the stress level of 87.71% of the nurses was at a severe level, while 12.30% of at the nurses experienced a moderate level. The total stress score was higher among women than among men, and the difference was statistically significant (t348= ‑3.39, <em>p </em>= 0.001). A weak and nonsignificant negative correlation was observed between the total stress score with age (r = ‑.0.06, <em>p </em>= 0.26) and work experience (r = ‑0.076, <em>p </em>= 0.15). <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Considering that most of the nurses had a high level of stress, and while occupational stress plays an important part in people’s life, it seems necessary to plan to reduce the level of the occupational stress in the nurses.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2268http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2268/70707858

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250712544552ENDeputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran,Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran,Associate Professor of Infertility and IVF, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Nekouei-Hedayati-Forghani Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran,Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Assistant Professor, Department of Information Management, Islamic World Science and Technology Monitoring and Citation Institute (ISC), Shiraz, IranAssistant Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2025080320250803<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the health information behavior of menopausal women can be effective on their health awareness and improving self‑care and preventive health practices. This study aimed to gain deeper insights into the health information‑seeking behavior of Iranian menopausal women.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This descriptive–analytical cross‑sectional study was conducted in 2023. Data were collected over 2 months, from June 15 to August 15, 2023. The participants were Iranian women aged 50 years and older at the time of the survey. An online questionnaire was developed and distributed through social media to assess the health information‑seeking behavior of menopausal women. A total of 4,608 women, selected through cluster sampling, completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS‑23 software using the Chi‑square test. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>The primary information needs of women during menopause were related to cancer, other diseases, and diagnostic methods. In addition, social networks and friends were the most commonly used information sources among menopausal women. The main barriers to accessing information were the lack of knowledge about information sources, difficulties in obtaining accurate and reliable information, and insufficient information across various sources. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study indicated that women required various types of information, particularly regarding cancers, clinical symptoms of menopause, and nonhormonal treatments. Given the increasing use of social networks, training can be conducted through these platforms and further efforts are necessary to provide more reliable and comprehensive information via these media.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2269http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2269/70707859

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250713553560MSc in Psychiatric Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran1.MSc in Psychiatric Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, 2. PhD Candidate in Nursing, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, IranOral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Assistant Professor, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Professor of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,MSc in Geriatric Nursing, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranMSc in Psychiatric Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranAssociate Professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran2025080920250809<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Some studies among orthognathic surgery candidates revealed that the patients doing orthognathic surgery suffer from Body Image Concern (BIC) and impaired Self‑Esteem (SE) before and after surgery. Despite the merits behind orthognathic surgery, self‑care training in such patients seems logical. The present study was performed to outline the effect of Mindful Self‑Care Training on Body Image Concern and Self‑Esteem of Patients before and after Orthognathic Surgery. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This semiexperimental study with a pretest–posttest design was conducted in Babol‑based Shahid Beheshti Hospital in 2020. The eligible patients, who were referred from the Orthognathic Surgery Clinic of Babol‑located Shahid Beheshti Hospital, were conveniently divided into two 25‑person groups. The BIC and SE were measured using the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) and Coopersmith Self‑Esteem Inventory (CSEI) before and after holding eight 90‑minute mindful self‑care training sessions (before surgery) and 3 months after surgery (follow‑up<strong>) </strong>in the two groups. The data were analyzed at the significance level of 0.05 using the independent t‑test and Repeated Measure Analysis of Variance (RM ‑ANOVA) by SPSS‑26. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that in the intervention group, the mean score of the overall BIC after training (before surgery) and follow‑up (3 months after surgery) decreased. The independent <em>t</em>‑test showed that the mean score of the overall BIC after training and follow‑up was significantly different between the two groups (t48 = 1.68, <em>p </em>= 0.02) and (t48 = 3.64, <em>p </em>= 0.001), respectively. Also, the mean score of the SE increased after training and follow‑up in the intervention group. The independent <em>t</em>‑test indicated that the mean score of the SE after training and follow‑up meaningfully differed between the two groups (t48 = 3.93, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001, t48 = 5.40, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001). The RM‑ANOVA results displayed significant differences in the overall BIC and SE in the two groups over time (F (2,48) = 71.30, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001) and (F2,48 = 38.17, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.001), respectively.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering the effects of mindful self‑care training on the BIC and SE of the patients undergoing orthognathic surgery, it is proposed that presurgery mindful self‑care training is useful and prevents common pre and postsurgery psychological problems among the patients as the orthognathic surgery candidates.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2280http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2280/70707870

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250715561571ENStudent Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranChronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Institute of Cancer, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran1.Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, 1. Institute of Cancer, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, 2. Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine Sina (Farshchian) Educational and Medical Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranModeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran2025080320250803<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Resilience in stroke family caregivers is one of their most essential abilities to effectively adapt to complicated caregiving conditions. The present study was conducted to understand the family caregiver’s perception of resilience in caring for stroke patients. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This qualitative content analysis study was done in Besat Hospital of Hamadan, Iran in 2023. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 22 face‑to‑face interviews with 15 caregivers. Data saturation was ensured by conducting additional interviews with three more participants. The interviews, lasting an average of 45 minutes, were conducted in the examination room of the hospital’s neurology ward. Data analysis was carried out using the Granheim and Landman approach. MAXQDA 10 software was utilized for data management. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>Following qualitative data analysis, 85 primary codes, 17 subcategories, and six overarching categories were identified: cognitive self‑care, spiritual self‑care, physical health, reinforcement of social relationships, seeking help from others, and meeting the patient’s needs. Three main themes emerged: managing stress, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and addressing the patient’s challenges. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study revealed that family caregivers of stroke patients perceive resilience through coping with stress, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and addressing the patient’s problems. These caregivers often struggle with the overwhelming responsibilities of caring for incapacitated patients, which can impact their resilience. The study’s insights can be valuable for health policymakers and practitioners in improving training programs to support caregivers of chronic patients. To enrich the data, interviews were conducted </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2270http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2270/70707860

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250712572578ENDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran,Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran2025080320250803<p class="Default"> </p><p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnant women are prone to experience anxiety and life-threatening problems such as hypertension. This study aims to compare the anxiety and perceived social support in hypertensive and healthy pregnant women in Khorramabad, western Iran. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were 400 pregnant women aged 16–50 years (54 with hypertension and 346 without hypertension) who visited an obstetrics and gynecology clinic in Khorramabad, Iran, to receive routine prenatal care from September 2022 to March 2023. Their information was collected using a demographic/obstetrics form, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The data were analyzed using independent <em>t</em>-test, chi-square test, Pearson’s correlation test, and multiple regression analysis.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the women were at the gestational age of 21–32 weeks (45.70% non-hypertensive and 35.20% hypertensive). Of 54 (13.50%) hypertension women, 51 (12.75%) had gestational hypertension and three (0.75%) had chronic hypertension. The hypertensive women were older than healthy women (34.09 vs. 31.77 years, <em>p </em>= 0.023). The mean BAI score was higher in hypertensive women (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001). The mean total score of MSPSS was higher in hypertensive women, but the difference was not statistically significant (<em>p </em>&gt; 0.05). There was a negative significant relationship between the BAI and MSPSS scores in both healthy (r = −0.13, <em>p </em>= 0.040) and hypertensive (r = −0.49, <em>p </em>= 0.001) groups. Hypertension could significantly predict about 41% of changes in anxiety. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Policy-makers and maternity care providers are recommended to develop targeted social support programs to help reduce the anxiety of hypertensive pregnant women.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2271http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2271/70707861

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250712579585ENDepartment of Health Information Technology, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran1.Department of Midwifery, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran, 2.Department of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran2025080420250804<p><strong>Background: </strong>Faculty members and medical staff are prone to burnout syndrome. Burnout has harmful consequences for the organization, society, and individual life. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine burnout and its related factors among faculty members and medical staff at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This cross‑sectional study was conducted on 410 medical faculty members and medical staff at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences in 2022. Stratified sampling was conducted. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and interpreted using the <em>t</em>‑test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and one‑way ANOVA at a significance level of α = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total burnout score of medical staff and faculty members was 53.78 (15.43) and 50.85 (13.18) out of 135, respectively, with no significant difference between them (<em>p </em>= 0.192). The majority of faculty members had moderate Emotional Exhaustion (EE) (46.64%), high depersonalization (DP) (71.67%), and low Personal Accomplishment (PA) (56.67%), while the majority of medical staff had high EE (49.71%), high DP (60.0%), and low PA. The workload factor in medical staff and faculty members, which had the highest score, showed a direct and significant relationship with the burnout score. The communication factor among medical staff and faculty members had an inverse and significant relationship with the burnout score.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Faculty members and medical staff experienced an average level of burnout, which is worth considering. According to the results, university administrators should take appropriate actions to reduce burnout.</p><p class="Default"> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2272http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2272/70707862

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250713586590ENNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranStudent Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranStudent Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranStudent Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranStudent Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2025080420250804<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>The uniform plays a crucial role in establishing professional identity and recognition. In Iran, the inability to differentiate nurses from other healthcare team members has led to dissatisfaction among both patients and nurses. This research aimed to explore the perspectives of nursing students regarding nursing uniforms in Iran.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study was conducted as a cross‑sectional descriptive study involving 457 nursing students from Isfahan, Iran. The survey was carried out between April and May 2024, utilizing a non‑probability sampling method. The data collection instrument included a researcher‑developed questionnaire with two sections: demographic information and students’ opinions on uniforms. Data analysis was conducted utilizing both descriptive and analytical statistical methods, with the statistical significance threshold set at <em>p </em>&lt; 0.05.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>According to the results, 70.70% of students in terms of “appearance,” 78.10% in terms of “comfort,” 68.50% in terms of “a sense of professional identity,” 65.20% in terms of “sense of self‑confidence,” 54.30% in terms of “infection control regulations,” and 58.90% in terms of “influence on the nursing image” preferred scrubs to white coats. The factors of age, academic semester, and academic degree were significantly associated with the selection of uniform type (f = 455, t = 2.87, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.05).</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nursing students showed a preference for the scrub uniforms over the white coat across various aspects. Furthermore, they emphasized the importance of recognizing the variations in uniform colors across different units, deeming the use of white as unsuitable for all units.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2273http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2273/70707863

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250712591599Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center,Department of Community Health and Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2025080420250804<p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the experiences of patients and health care providers of Diabetes is considered a key element in knowing how to treat and care for the disease. However, few studies have investigated the patients’ and health care providers’ experiences of diabetes. This study aimed to find how patients with Diabetes and health care providers perceive living with this disease and its treatment and care. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A descriptive exploratory qualitative research approach was conducted through individual and group interviews with 23 patients with diabetes and health care providers of Isfahan urban health centers in 2020. Purposive sampling was continued until data saturation was reached, and Interview transcripts were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, three themes emerged: disease control facilitators (healthy lifestyle, high levels of health literacy, self‑care ability, supporting networks, and effective doctor–patient communication), disease control barriers (inadequate social support, misconceptions, patient burnout, low levels of health literacy, economic problems, inability to self‑care, and the patient’s non‑compliance), and annoying consequences of living with diabetes (emotional and psychological problems, unpleasant experiences, and reduced quality of life). <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with diabetes experience several facilitators and obstacles in controlling their disease and face its complications. There were many myths about treatment. Therefore, health policymakers and planners should plan health‑related interventions to remove barriers to disease control and strengthen facilitators for patients with diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Barriers, diabetes mellitus, facilitators, perception, qualitative study</em></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2274http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2274/70707864

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250711600605ENDepartment of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranDepartment of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranDepartment of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranDepartment of Statistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran2025080420250804<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical activity is a key determinant of adolescent health. However, many female adolescents do not meet the recommended levels of activity. Although educational interventions have been implemented to address this issue, the role of maternal involvement in such programs has not been thoroughly examined. This study aims to bridge this gap by comparing the effects of two physical activity education programs on eighth‑grade students’ awareness, performance, and self‑efficacy. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This semi‑experimental study was conducted in 2020 on eighth‑grade female students in Khomein, Iran. Six schools were randomly selected, and participants were randomly assigned to three groups: student, student‑and‑mother, and control. A total of 165 participants were included, with 55 individuals in each group. Data were collected using three questionnaires assessing physical activity awareness, self‑efficacy, and performance. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. Statistics analysis, including one‑way ANOVA, Kruskal‑Wallis test, paired <em>t</em>‑test, and Wilcoxon test were used to compare the groups. <em>p </em>&lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics among the three groups. The changes in knowledge scores within the student and student‑and‑mother groups were not statistically significant (<em>p </em>= 0.288); however, both groups demonstrated significantly higher scores compared to the control group (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001). Regarding performance scores, the student‑and‑mother group showed a statistically significant improvement over the student group (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.039), and both groups outperformed the control group significantly (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001). The difference in self‑efficacy score in the student‑and‑mother group was more than that in the student group and was statistically significant, and was higher in both groups than in the control group (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the effectiveness of educational interventions in improving students’ awareness, performance, and self‑efficacy, with maternal involvement serving as a key factor in enhancing these outcomes.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2275http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2275/70707865

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250708606611ENDepartment of Pediatrics Nursing, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranDepartment of Pediatrics Nursing, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranDepartment of Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranDepartment of Pediatrics Nursing, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranDepartment of Pediatrics Nursing, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran2025080420250804<p><strong>Background: </strong>Performing painful procedures in premature newborns are prevalent. This study compared the effect of the pressure massage of Hegu point with Kunlun‑Taixi points on the pain of intramuscular injection in premature newborns. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This triple‑blind, parallel, clinical trial was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Khorramabad, Iran. Participants included 100 premature newborns randomly assigned to four groups (<em>n </em>= 25). The intervention groups received a counterclockwise pressure massage of the Hegu or Kunlun‑Taixi points for two minutes. The placebo group received a pressure massage of the tip of the nose. The control group received routine care. The Astrid Lindgren and Lund Children’s Hospital Pain Scale was used to observe pain behaviors before, during, and after intramuscular injection of vitamin K. One‑way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), repeated measures ANOVA, and Chi‑square tests were used for data analysis. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (Standard Deviation) of pain scores during injection in the Hegu massage, Kunlun‑Taixi massage, control, and placebo groups were 5.92 (1.99), 5.94 (1.75), 6.66 (1.45), and 6.56 (1.61), respectively. Despite the lower pain scores of the intervention groups compared to the control and placebo groups, their difference was not statistically significant (<em>F </em>= 1.32; <em>p </em>= 0.27).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using pressure massage before intramuscular injection of vitamin K has no significant effect on intramuscular injection pain in premature newborns. It is suggested that future studies of massage be performed for a more extended period, along with other pain relief methods for premature newborns.</p><p> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2276http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2276/70707866

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906630420250713612615ENDepartment of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University, Tambon Saensook, Amphur Muang, Chonburi, ThailandDepartment of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University, Tambon Saensook, Amphur Muang, Chonburi, ThailandDepartment of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University, Tambon Saensook, Amphur Muang, Chonburi, Thailand2025080420250804<p class="Default"><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood cancers often lead to significant distress for parents. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a Family Nursing Intervention (FNI) on the suffering of parents of children with cancer. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This study employed a quasi‑experimental design with a sample of 42 parents of children with cancer. The experimental group participated in a four‑week FNI program with weekly 90‑minute sessions, while the control group received only routine care. Data were collected using a parenting suffering scale at baseline and after the intervention and analyzed using descriptive statistics and <em>t</em>‑tests. <strong></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Results: </strong>This study showed that, at post‑test, the parents who participated in the FNI had significantly lower suffering scores compared to those in the control group (t37.60= −3.45, <em>P </em>= 0.001).</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that FNI could alleviate parents’ suffering in similar contexts in the future.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/2277http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/2277/70707867