Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-90661222008042999PhD, Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMSc, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranPhD, Assistant Professor, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran20101113BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the most important, non-contagious diseases. Every year many people either die or suffer from it. Therefore, the first step is to screen prehypertensive people and change the manner of their life style. Nowadays, prayer in complementary alternative medicine (CAM) is known as an important factor in changing people's lives. This study is done with the goal of defining the effects of prayer on blood pressure of women in Isfahan. METHODS: This study is a random controlled clinical trial. There were 60 pre hypertensive women aged 25-45 years randomly selected. They were divided into 2 groups of intervention and non-intervention based on their criteria to be included in the study. In intervention group, they were given tapes of selected prayers but in non intervention group they were not. The data were collected by questionnaires, checklist and interviews. RESULTS: Both groups were not identical regarding age, occupation, marital status, and educational level. The findings showed that in intervention group, systolic blood pressure before intervention was 132.93 mm/Hg and after that 128.70mm Hg (with a decrease of 4.23 mm/Hg). Diastolic mean blood pressure before intervention in intervention group was 84/42 mm/Hg and after 83.48mm/Hg with a nearly 1 m/Hg decrease. The difference between the mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressures before and after intervention was significant (P<%5). CONCLUSIONS: This research suggests that saying prayers as a part of complementary medicine is a non-Medicational way with no side effects in prehypertensive people. KEY WORDS: Prayer, blood pressure, women.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/9http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/9/9

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066122200804291010MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranMSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran20101113BACKGROUND: Today, moving toward high quality and efficient education is essential in educational systems. To achieve it, management, research and educational programs should evolve consistent with the produced knowledge, professional developments and standards. Regarding the important role of midwifery education in improvement of social health, the current study was carried out to identify the international organizational and management standards in midwifery education and to recommend appropriate national standards. METHODS: This is a triangulation study which was fulfilled in 1381 and 1382, in seven steps. In first three steps, following search and collection of standards of various countries, the survey tool which consists of the fields and recommended standards was designed. In steps four to seven, these fields and standards were surveyed through an opinion poll; using Delphi’s method. Sampling population was all the midwifery national board members and heads of midwifery departments in governmental university which at least offer B. Sc of midwifery. The standards should be marked as appropriate, relatively appropriate and inappropriate by participants. Finally, the data was analyzed using descriptive analysis methods. RESULTS: After analyzing the opinions; using Delphi’s method, the results were proposed as 37 recommended standards. They were grouped as 13 standards in the field of missions and objectives and 24 standards in the field of organizational and management structure. CONCLUSIONS: Extracting organizational and management standards of midwifery and recommending the proper national standards help the planners in defining the missions, visions and goals of the systems. It would also help the authorities in designing proper organizational and management structure and evaluating the midwifery management system. KEY WORDS: Organizational and management standards, quality improvement, midwifery education.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/10http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/10/10

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066122200804291111MSc, Maternal Care Expert, Ardestan Health Center, Ardestan, Isfahan, IranMSC, Mothers’ Health Unity of Isfahan Health Center, Isfahan, Iran20101113BACKGROUND: The new maternal health care program has been designed in order to improve the quality of the current national program. Standard protocol along with the methods of physicians' and midwives' intervention clearly defined in this program. This study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of this program in terms of improving child birth, pregnancy indicators and solving related problems. METHODS: The historical cohort study started in Ardestan since 2003 and continued until the midyear of 2005. Mothers who labored were randomly selected and categorized in two groups who received care based on the new program and who didn't receive care. A checklist was prepared for each subject using health files and hospital records. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. RESULTS: The results showed that the frequency of caesarian section in two groups was the same. The frequency of L.B.W in group who received new care services was lower than the other group. Pregnancy age indicator at the time of delivery to determine the frequency of full term birth was promoted in first group. In case of stillbirth indicator, some improvements were seen in group who received new cares. CONCLUSIONS: Preterm labor is one of the most prevalent problems in society resulted in immaturity and low weighted infants and high costs for families and government. Presenting compiled cares and providing appropriate services using the new guidelines can be effective to improve child birth indicators especially in reducing the number of preterm and still births. KEY WORDS: Antenatal care, standards of predelivery care, pregnancy outcome.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/11http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/11/11

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066122200804291212PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IranMSc, Nursing Management Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IranPhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IranPhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Economic Sciences, Isfahan University, Iran20101113BACKGROUND: Since it is impossible to carry out organizational activities effectively without trust, managers are recommended to expand trust atmosphere throughout their organizations due to its effect on all human's communication aspects. Delegation of authority leads to the promotion of trust throughout organization and it would be the best tool for managers to prove their trust to their personnel. Therefore, it is the nurse managers' responsibility to have adequate knowledge of delegation and to apply it. Unfortunately, no comprehensive research has been carried out in this field in Iran yet, and there is an informational gap in this field. The goal of this study was to determine the delegation as experienced by nurse mangers. METHODS: This study was a type of phenomenological qualitative research has been carried out in four selected subordinates of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in March/June 2001. The sample size of this research consisted of 14 managers as the information sources from three different ranks of superior level (matron), mid level (supervisor) and executive level (head nurse). All participants underwent unstructured interviews as the data collecting technique for this study. The obtained results analyzed using collizie method. RESULTS: Nurse Managers had three forms of experiences on delegation phenomenon that were as the following: Lack of authority for delegation and frustration experiences, delegation in minor affairs and lack of authority with superior's sporadic unessential interference while neither of them was perfectly acquainted with this phenomenon. Managers' experienced benefits were categorized in four dimensions as benefits concerning superiors, subordinates, hospitals and patients. Experienced barriers were barriers pertaining to superiors, subordinates and situation. DISCUSSION: In order to apply art and skill of delegation much better in nursing management it is necessary not only for all nurse managers to get acquainted with delegation through educational services but also for nursing students as the future nurse managers. Thus, the attitude of delegation can be inserted in nursing management. Obviously a change in the attitude of matrons and superiors seems to be essential in this regard. It also should be mentioned that more qualitative and quantitative researches in this field are needed. KEY WORDS: Delegation, time management, metrons.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/12http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/12/12

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066122200804291313MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of medical sciences, Isfahan, IranPhD, Professor, Department of Statistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran20101113BACKGROUND: Today prevalence of overweigh and obesity is increasing in most parts of the world. Obesity plays an important role in creating health poverty in women and decreasing life span. The most common formula to assess physical health is body mass index (BMI). The present research was conducted to determine related factors (personal and reproductive characteristics) with women's BMI. METHODS: This was a descriptive–analytic study in which data were collected cross-sectional. The samples were 384 people in Isfahan. They were selected by cluster sampling and referred to 10 health centers in the city. In this research, the evaluation instruments were a questionnaire and the tools of measuring height and weight which were standard and unique. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive-analytic statistical methods. RESULTS: The results showed that there was significant statistical relation between age, education level, family economic situation, menarche age, the number of pregnancies and deliveries, OCP (LD) use of LO contraceptives and history of deliveries with less than two years interval and BMI (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Acquainting the women with the related factors with BMI (Age, menarche age, etc), creating a situation for women to continue their education in different levels, training the women to limit pregnancy and delivery numbers and preventing deliveries with less than a two-year interval through mass media can be helpful to prevent overweight and obesity in women. KEY WORDS: Body mass index, factors associated with BMI, obesity, overweighthttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/13http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/13/13

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066122200804291414MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc of Midwifery, Treatment Vice Chancellor of IsfahanMSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranPhD, Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran20101113BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic problems, would affect the people in all stages of life, especially the menopausal period. In this stage of life, the women experience loss of social positions, and responsibilities. The current study was carried out to assess the relationship between the socioeconomic state and sexual dysfunction in menopausal period. METHODS: This is an analytic, cross-sectional study, carried out on 174 menopausal, married women who were selected from the patients visited in heath centers and social security centers in Isfahan. The data was gathered by questionnaire and analyzed using chi square and Mantel haenszel tests, by SPSS software. RESULTS: Findings of the study demonstrated that there is a significant statistical correlation between the sexual dysfunction and the family's economic state, the housing, education level of women and her husband and women's occupation. In contrast, husbands' occupation did not correlate with the sexual dysfunction . CONCLUSIONS: It could be concluded that higher education level result in higher income and better jobs and social positions. So, better socioeconomic state could be mentioned as an effective factor in preventing menopausal sexual dysfunction KEY WORDS: Sexual dysfunction, menopausal period, socioeconomic statehttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/14http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/14/14

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066122200804291515MSc, Department of Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of medical sciences, Isfahan, IranBS, Department of Operating Room, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran20101113BACKGROUND: As the nurses working in emergency ward are the first group who make early interventions to save critical patients, this is considered as a need for them to get enough knowledge and skills in this field. On the other hand, standards show nurses to the appropriate level of care quality (the meaning of sentence is not clear). Ignoring structural and process standards can result in personnel dysfunction and their low nursing services. This study has tried to define the mean obedience of structural and process standards such as physical environment, facilities and manpower as well as process standards like patient care in an emergency ward of a selected hospital of Isfahan university of medical science. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in a selected hospital of Isfahan university of medical science. First, a checklist for physical environment, facilities and manpower was designed and the data were collected from the emergency ward personnel (nurses and nurse aids) working in the ward through direct and indirect methods. Then, the collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics after being classified. RESULTS: The findings of the study showed the ward had obedience level of 83.8% for physical environment, 75% for facilities and equipments and 64.5% for manpower. About 46% of the personnel had excellent efficacy and 32.9% had low to moderate efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, we have good manpower programs; efficient records control tools and adequate facilities. Meanwhile, strategies of motivation and job satisfaction enhancement which need a board attitude should not be ignored but considered as well. KEY WORDS: Processes Standard, structure standard, nursing care standardhttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/15http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/15/15

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066122200804291616PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, IsfahanMSc, Department of Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20101113BACKGROUND: In countries like Iran in that most of the population consists of young people, designing and implementing comprehensive health programs targeted at young people must become a priority in national programs. More than half of high school students in Isfahan are female. Because of their more vulnerability, and their role in health of future generations, it is essential for health community to be aware of what they are experiencing about their health needs, and based on this awareness, designing and implementing accurate programs should be done in order to improve their health. This study was carried out with the aim to describe experienced health needs of female high school students. METHODS: A phenomenological qualitative approach was used with participants chosen amongst the female high school students from five districts of Ministry of Education – in Isfahan. Purposeful sampling was adopted in the study and sample size was composed of a total of 15 participants selected and went until data saturation. Deep interviews were used through Straubert method. RESULTS: From the findings of the interviews, 77 codes expressing participants' experiences were emerged. At the end these codes were categorized in 3 themes. As 1) school and school performance 2) social security 3) interactions with opposite sex. CONCLUSIONS: Social interactions are crucial during adolescence and have great impact on students' health. In fact, female adolescents express and define their health according to their interactions and communications with the environment. KEY WORDS: Social Health, adolescents, social interactionshttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/16http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/16/16