Compliance of standard precautions for prevention of AIDS in maternity care units

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-90669420100208Compliance of standard precautions for prevention of AIDS in maternity care units153153Instructor of Midwifery,Ms of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, IsfahanSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, IsfahanMs of Midwifery, Mental Child Health and Family planning, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, IsfahanSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20101113  Introduction: AIDS was a problem of the industrial countries at first, but today it is a universal one. Health care workers especially midwives and other workers in maternity care units are at high risk and their compliance with standard precautions is important. This research was carried out to investigate the quality of compliance with these precautions in maternity care unites. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive analytic survey carried out on 66 midwives and 16 helper staffs in governmental maternity care units of Kerman and Rafsanjan. The data were gathered with two checklists. All midwives and helper staffs were involved in this research. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: The findings showed that 80.3% of midwives were at average level of practice, 16.7% were poor and 3% were good. Also, 75% of helper staffs were at poor level of practice, 25% were average or not having good practice. Equipments were appropriate for both groups. Conclusion: The midwives and helper staffs had appropriate equipments but only 3% of midwives had good practice while helper staffs didn't have any good practice. Probably additional factors such as insufficient information and motivation, and crowded ward affected their practice. In order to improve quality of practice, barriers should be determined and removed. Key words: AIDS, standard precautions, prevention, maternity care units, midwives.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/153

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-90669420100208Life skills training and prevention of addiction155155Ms of Midwifery, Instructor of Head mistress of Midwifery Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, IsfahanSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,20101113Introduction: As prevention is prior to treatment, planning of educational courses to acquire the first level of prevention of addiction is necessary. This study tried to evaluate the effectiveness of education of life skills on addiction prevention. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research covering 41 subjects (20 adolescents and 21 parents) in Isfahan. Sampling was done by random sampling method. We planned eight educational workshops for the adolescents and their parents in summer 2002. Data collection was done before and after education by three different questionnaires. These questionnaires evaluated the knowledge of parents and adolescents and the probability of tendency to addiction, which were filled out by subjects before and after the educational courses. Data were analyzed with t test by SPSS software. Results: Findings showed that the mean scores of post-test was higher than the mean scores of pretest in both adolescents and parents. Comparison of pretest and post-test scores showed a significant difference in all three groups (P<0.05). Education of life skills affected the knowledge and the probability of tendency to addiction in both parents and adolescents. Conclusion: Education of life skills showed an effect on parents and adolescents' knowledge and decreased the tendency to addiction in adolescents group. The role of teachers and professors in schools and universities to conduct consults and education on addiction prevention is important. Key Words: Life skills, education, addiction preventionhttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/155

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-90669420100208A survey on performance of standards in recovery units156156Ms of anesthesia, Professor of operating Room, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,Ms of Nursing, operating Room, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,Ms of Nursing Education, Instructor of Nursing Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan20101113Introduction: Society needs a good service for recovery, security, and improvement of care, which can reduce sudden events and mortality after surgery and anesthesia. The main factor after anesthesia is nursing care and recovery in a critical care unit. Observations showed that patients in a recovery room are at risk as much as those in operating room. However, the number of staffs in an operating room are 5 to 10 times more than the ones in a recovery room. A few minutes after operation, a lot of responsibilities are given to just one person. The recovery nurse, in addition to nursing care, should know the effects of anesthesia and its complications in the course of treatment and surgery. Methods: This study was a descriptive study evaluating the present conditions and the way of performing care and comparing them with standards in post-anesthesia care units. The measured variables in the study included admission criteria, caring measures and discharge criteria of the patients who were operated under general anesthesia. Sampling method was convenient sampling and the data were collected through checklists and questionnaires. The data analysis was made by descriptive statistics and SPSS software. Results: The findings showed that the care was close to standards in most cases. Regarding discharge criteria in recovery ward, the results of this research showed that nurses mostly considered the criteria of discharging appropriately, but 68.8% of operation reports were non-standard. Conclusion: Since complications of anesthesia may occur during the patient's transfer from surgery room to recovery room, in the recovery unit and even during transfer to the ward, availability of a regular care program as well as skillful personnel with high capability of handling complications are recommended. Key words: Recovery room, quality of care, cares of post-anesthesia.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/156

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-90669420100208Knowledge and attitude of students on sterilization methods157157Bs of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery,Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, TabrizSchool of Nursing and Midwifery,Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz20101113Introduction: Today, sterilization is legal in almost all countries and the number of those who consciously decide not to have any children and individuals who may tend to have sterilization is increasing in western population. It is estimated that with every sterilization, the birth of 1.5-2.5 children per woman could be prevented. Methods: In order to determine the knowledge and attitude of Tabriz Medical University's students on sterilization methods, a questionnaire including questions on demographic characteristics of students plus thirty questions with Likert scales (Yes, No, I don't know) on their knowledge and one question on their attitude was prepared; 160 students of Tabriz Medical University participated in the survey, being selected through convenient sampling method. The final analysis of data was done with descriptive and inferential statistical methods and through SPSS 10 computer program. Results: The results showed that students' knowledge on physical and psychological complications of sterilization methods were not enough. According to the results of t test for comparing the independent groups, the difference between the male and the female students' knowledge on grade of tubectomy was statistically significant while there was no significant association between the students' attitude and knowledge with their demographic characteristics such as age, gender, religion and race. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of the research, the researchers suggest that those in charge of education should attempt to raise students' awareness and knowledge of physical and psychological complications on sterilization methods. Moreover, some plans with the aim of improving students' views and behaviors (especially male students) on sterilization methods must be adopted. Key words: Knowledge, attitude, students, vasectomy, tubectomy.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/157

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-90669420100208Association between body image satisfaction and depression in teenagers159159Instructor of Psychiatric Nursing, Isfahan University of Medical sciences Psychiatric Nursing Dept. Faculty of Nursing and MiwiferySchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,Instructor of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,Psychiatric Nursing, Psyciatric Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,20101113Introduction: Teenagers have body image changes due to physical changes occurring at the teenage period. At this age, self-confidence is influenced by physical changes possibly resulting in mental disorders and depression in teenagers. For this reason, this study tried to evaluate the association between body image satisfaction and depression in teenagers and the association between body image satisfaction and depression in adolescent boys and girls. Methods: This was a descriptive analytic one-group one step design study on 400 female and male students of grade 5 and 6 of governmental secondary schools in Isfahan (in IRAN) in school year 2002 to 2003. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling method. The data, collected by questionnaires, were analyzed by descriptive inferential statistics in SPSS software. Results: The findings, based on Pearson correlation test (r=0.667, P<0.001), showed a significant association between body image and depression in students. The findings also showed that body image satisfaction is less prevalent among girls than in boys. Conclusion: Although body image dissatisfaction and depression were seen more frequently among teenage girls than in boys, but in both groups, there was a significant association between body image and depression. Then, teenage boys are also at risk of depression like teenage girls and more care should be paid to these two groups of teenagers. Key words: Body image satisfaction, depression, adolescent.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/159

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-90669420100208The effect of companion's presence on parturients bedside on cesarean section rate and labor length160160Ms of Miwifery(meternal child health), PhD studens of reproductive health, PhD department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,20101113Introduction: Cesarean section (C/S) is one of the most common and major surgeries performed today. Although, WHO stated 5-15% safety in C/S for the health of mother and baby, the current cesarean rate in Iran is more than 35%. Compared to vaginal delivery, increase in C/S rate causes more adverse effects as well as greater risk of maternal mortality and morbidity, including infection, hemorrhage and so on. A great effort has been made to reduce C/S rate in the world. Presence of a companion with laboring womon plays an important role in labor process and mother-baby outcome by decreasing the anxiety and fear in mother and empowering her. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of support given by a companion during labor on cesarean section rate and labor length. Methods: The present research was an experimental study; 120 primigravida through simple random sampling method were selected and were divided into two groups (experience and control groups). Experience group had a companion (mother, sister or a female friend) present within the first stage of labor providing them with continuous physical, informational and emotional support. Control group received routine care. Data were collected by checklists and patients' documents. The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The findings showed that 10% in experience group and 23% in control group needed cesarean section. The most common indications for cesarean section in the two groups were fetal distress and failure to progress in labor and there was a significant difference between the two groups in indications of cesarean section. The first stage lasted 253 minutes in experience group and 326 minutes in control group. Second stage lasted 35 minutes in experience group and 43 minutes in control group. Conclusion: The results showed that the cesarean section rate can be reduced by the presence of support on bedside. Also, the findings showed that the duration of first stage of labor significantly decreased in experience group compared to control group. There was no significant difference in the second stage between the two groups. Then, providing a condition in hospitals in which all parturients have a companion during labor is highly recommended. Keywords: Companion, parturient, labor length, cesarean section.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/160

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-90669420100208Physical effects of thalassemia on adolescents161161Instructor of Pediatric Nursing, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences - Faculty of nursing and midwafery - Pediatrics DepartmanSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, IsfahanPostDoc of Nursing, Associate Professor of Education, Dr Abedi, EDC, Medical University of Isfahan, Hezarjereeb Avenue, Isfahan,20101113Introduction: Teenage period is the most important and susceptible stage of human growth and development. Teenagers can be affected by chronic diseases. These patients are very hospital dependent and need various types of treatment and this puts them in more danger than the other teenagers with the same age. Therefore, physical experiences of these teenagers can be investigated to provide better care for them by nurses. Methods: This was a qualitative phenomenological survey. The population studied was composed of teenagers with major thalassemia referred to Imam Reza clinic in Isfahan Sayed Shohada Hospital. The data were collected during two months by interview. The data were analyzed by Colaizzi seven-stage method. Results: The findings of the research were classified into 46 codes and three categories as the followings: 1) physical effects related to disease process, 2) physical effects related to cure process, and 3) physical effects related to complications. Conclusion: The thalassemic teenagers tolerated a lot of physical problems that can be treated to by a better care to make them feel more comfortable. Key words: Life changes event or experiences, adolescent, thalassemiahttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/161