Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420111105598598EN20111105Click to download the index of this issue.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/598http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/598/408

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420101124270270ENMSc in Nursing, Faculty member of the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.MSc in Nursing, Faculty member of the College of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.MSc in Nursing, Faculty member of the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.MA in Statistics. Faculty member of the college of Health, Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.MSc in Nursing, Faculty member of the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.20101120<p class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Cancer is a disease which is identified by abnormal deformation of the cells. One of the common side effects of the cancer is fatigue that affects on patients&rsquo; life quality and leads to disability. Exercise has an important role in improving these patients&rsquo; life quality and can be used as a complementary treatment during and after the cancer treatment. Unfortunately, despite good effects of exercise, most people afflicted from cancer have few or no exercise on their life. Moreover, there are few studies on the impact of exercise on fatigue among patients with colon cancer while most studies have focused on breast cancer.</p> <p class="abstract">Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of exercise on the severity of fatigue in patients with colorectal cancer who underwent chemotherapy in Ahwaz.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This is a Quasi- experiment study. The study population consisted of adults with Colorectal Cancer. The sample included 36 people. The study environment included adult hematology and chemotherapy wards of Shafa Hospital in Ahwaz. Data were collected using a demographic form and a questionnaire in order to measure the severity of fatigue, which were completed by all the patients before the intervention. Then, the patients had 40 minutes exercise, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The effect of exercise versus fatigue intensity was measured at the end of every week. Data were analyzed using SPSS¹³.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> The mean of the fatigue severity in the weeks after exercise was significantly different from the week before the exercise. Fredman test showed significant differences between all the weeks before and after the exercise. The mean of the fatigue severity was 3.69 on the week 0 (before the exercise), and it decreased to 3.57 on the first week after exercise, 3.46 on the second week, 2.58 on the third week and 1.69 on the forth week.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Considering the results of this study, exercise and work out can be an effective factor in reducing fatigue in patients.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Exercise, Fatigue, Cancer, Chemotherapy.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/270http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/270/128

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420101124274274ENMSc in Medical Education, Department of Nursing Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.Associate Professor of Nursing Education, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan branch, Isfahan, Iran.MSc in Medical Education, Department of Nursing Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc in Medical Education, Department of Nursing Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.20101120<p class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> In the recent decade, due to the overwhelming importance of health and prevention of diseases, nurses, having the most number of the health care team, are acting in any positions of the health care delivery system; because nursing have a key role in promotion of health and health care everywhere. The objective of this research was to study the desired positions of nursing in the health care delivery system in Iran.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This research is a multiple triangulation study done on three steps during 2005-2007. At the first step the positions of nursing have been elicited out of library and internet sources. At the second step, the comments of 15 participants have been collected by means of an open questionnaire. Thereafter, at the third step, using the data collected in the first and second step, a questionnaire was made up for a poll (all over the country) on the optimal positions of nursing in Iran, and 64 participants replied. The results were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> Finally, the positions were categorized in two groups: hospital, and community positions. The results showed that all positions were accepted more than 70%.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Overall, considering the positions of nursing and in order to promote the nursing itself and community health, it is suggested that proper planning be implemented for the nurses&rsquo; activities in these positions by the health planners.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Nursing, position, health care delivery system.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/274http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/274/132

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420101124269269ENPhD, Assistant professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Phd, Associate Professor, Department of Post graduate, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.MSN, Tenure Faculty Member, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.20101120<p class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> In spite of much literature written about the theory-practice gap in the international nursing journals, there is evidence that indicates this subject has not been probed comprehensively since nursing education was transferred to universities in Iran.&nbsp; In the recent years, the public and the government have criticized Iranian nurses because of poor quality of patient care. Although this subject has been lamented by some researchers, there is no comprehensive work on how this gap resulted. In the process of a larger study on &ldquo;nursing knowledge translation to practice of my PhD thesis&rdquo; this process was explored.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> Using grounded theory analysis, in-depth interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of 29 nurses, with different levels of experience, from the school of nursing in Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the period January-August 2006. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> Three main themes emerging from this study included <em>clinical behavior structure, paradoxical knowledge and practice, </em>and <em>divergent nursing organization</em>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> It seems that nursing education with some praxis and paradoxes in the realm of nursing knowledge and practice, along with divergent organizational structure have decreased nurses&rsquo; ability in applying their professional knowledge and skills in order to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Moreover, in spite of increased academic input into nursing education, clinical behaviors of both education and practice settings was perceived as &lsquo;traditional routine-based&rsquo;.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Iranian nursing, qualitative research, knowledge transfer, theory-practice gap.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/269http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/269/127

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420101124275275ENMsc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.Msc Student, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.Msc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.Vice President of International Manual Medicine College of France and affiliated to Acupuncture School of Tehran, Iran.20101120<ul><li><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Studying women&rsquo;s quality of life, we come across some harmful effects that factor such as dysmenorrhea caused by endometriosis leaves on their lives, their ability to work, their familial relations and their self-confidence. This we find a much imperative issue. Due to the repeated medical follow-ups and the side effects of medical therapies and endometriosis surgeries, many patients tend to use less expensive, nonmedical and nonaggressive methods. Thus, the objective of the present research is to study the effects of massage therapy, one of the aforementioned methods.</li><li><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This study is a&nbsp;experimental one including clinical trials. Considering the prerequisites for entering the study, 23 units suffering from endometriosis that had refered to the Infertility Center of Isfahan and were&nbsp;confirmed by laparoscopy or laparotomy were picked as the sample through a simple method. The tools of collecting data were the visual Analog Scale and McGill questionnaires, which were completed once before and twice after the end of intervention. The data was analyzed using the SPSS software.</li><li><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> The findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the intensity of pain before the intervention started, immediately after, and also six weeks after the intervention ended (p&lt;0.001).</li><li><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> According to the results of this study and confirmations of other ones, it seems that massage therapy can be a fitting method to reduce the menstrual pain caused by endometriosis.</li><li><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Endometriosis, dysmenorrhea, massage therapy.</li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/275http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/275/133

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420101124272272ENMPH, Researcher, Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Management, Health Office of Iranian Army (NEZAJA), Tehran, Iran.20101120<p class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Accidental needle-stick injuries (NSIs) are a hazard for health-care workers and general public health. Nursing workers are at high risk for occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens (such as HBV, HCV and HIV) via sharp injuries of needle stick.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was done on 158 nursing workers of Khanevadeh Hospital in Tehran to study needle stick injuries prevalence and related factors via a questionnaire in 2008. Filling up questionnaires, acquired data was processed through SPSS 16.0 software and analyzed by statistical tests including Pearson's correlation coefficient, Chi-square test, Independent T-test, and Fisher exact test.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> Base on findings 40.5% of all participants were male and 59.5% were female. Age mean of contributors was 33.26 years (SD=8.03). 56.96% of participants had history of at least one needle stick injury and 22.15% of them had needle stick injury during last year. Injections were most common action resulted to exposure (24.44%) and recapping of needles was at second order (21.11%). 44.3% of participants were performing recapping of needles. Operation room had highest prevalence (18.9%) of needle stick injuries among all wards of hospital. Emergency ward and ICU were on next order (15.6%). Exposed people believed that the most important and basic reason for needle stick injuries was patients crowdedness and hospital chaos (37.8%). There was no relation between ages, gender, years of professional life, education level and needle stick injuries but men used latex gloves less than women and did recapping needles more than them. Age and years of professional life among exposed people were less than others.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> The NSIs in nursing workers of this hospital were less than similar studies in Iran significantly.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Needlestick injuries, Health personnel, Needles.</p><p class="abstract">&nbsp;</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/272http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/272/130

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420101124268268ENPhD in Nursing, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc in Medical Surgical Nursing, Lecturer, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran.20101120<p class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Nowadays, problem solving skills, clinical decision making ability and&nbsp; making a proper&nbsp; relationship to clients are essential necessities for nursing graduates, however there are few studies which investigated nursing student&rsquo; responses to clients with problematic situations based on nursing theories addressing interactions. The purpose of this study was analyzing the nursing students&rsquo; immediate responses to distressed clients&rsquo; behaviors focusing on collaborative Orlando&rsquo;s theory.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This exploratory study was assessed 60 nursing students&rsquo; responses to a simulated client&rsquo;s questionnaire based on Orlando&rsquo;s theory in 2008. All of the students were enrolling in bachelor degree of nursing. The data were analyzed by dimensional content analysis to specify the key categories according to concepts of Orlando&rsquo;s theory.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> According to Orlando&rsquo;s theory, students&rsquo; immediate responses to physical and mental problems of distressed clients were classified into 6 main categories: physical caring, uncertainty, assuring, recommending, asking information and explaining. The most frequent responses to clients&rsquo; behaviors were physical caring, assuring and recommending and most of the students were unable to respond to mental problems.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Nursing students responded to clients&rsquo; needs automatically and they didn&rsquo;t consider to patients&rsquo; authority in decision making. Medical diagnosis, physical caring and assuring were their main concerns and they were confused in responding to mental problems. Orlando&rsquo;s theory emphasizes on nurse-client interactions and consider to nurses&rsquo; perceptions, thoughts, and feelings. It views to clients as a participant in caring, so teaching this theory can enhance students&rsquo; communication skills and improve quality of nursing care.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Immediate responses, nursing students, Orlando&rsquo;s theory, distressed clients.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/268http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/268/126

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420101124271271ENPhD, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.PhD, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.BA in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.20101120<p class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Occupational hazards of nursing jobs are much higher than other jobs and neglecting this fact may reduce the quality of nursing services. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge of ergonomic science and the occupational injuries among the nursing staff affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> It was a cross-sectional analytical study on 423 nursing staff working in various medical centers affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences in 2008, selected by quota randomized sampling. Data collection instrument was Ergonomics Questionnaire, which consisted of 72 questions. Cronbach alpha for main sections of the questionnaire was 0.8, 0.8 and 0.9. Descriptive and analytical tests were used for data analysis and an alpha error of 5% was considered.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> 36.1% of the subjects had 5-10 years work experience; 61.9% of nurses had a good knowledge of ergonomic principles; 83% were exposed to a mild level of occupational hazards. There was no significant relationship between knowledge of ergonomics and occupational injuries (p = 0.08). The relationships between knowledge of ergonomics and age, gender, marital status, work experience, the type and the location of service were significant (p &lt; 0.05). The relationship between occupational injuries and the age, work experience, employment type and location of the service of nurses were also statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05).</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Training staff to do their job in the best way, giving breaks between long working hours, using appropriate tools and facilities and paying attention to the ergonomic consideration by authorities can provide a healthier work environment for nurses and optimize human resource efficiency.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Ergonomics, nurses, occupational injures.</p> <p class="abstract">&nbsp;</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/271http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/271/129

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420101124273273ENPhD, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.PhD, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.20101120<p class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Work-family conflict has many negative outcomes for organization and career and family life of each person. The aim of present study was to determine the relationship between work-family conflict and the level of self-efficacy in female nurses.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> In this cross-sectional descriptive research, the relationship between work-family conflict and the level of self-efficacy in female nurses of Alzahra Hospital was assessed. Questionnaire, demographic data form, work-family conflict scale and self-efficacy scale were the data collection tools. Content analysis and Cronbach alpha were used for evaluating the validity and reliability of results. The study sample included 160 nurses (80 permanent nurses and 80 contract-based nurses) selected through simple random sampling from nurses working in different wards of Alzahra Hospital. Data analysis was done using SPSS software.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> There was significant difference in work-family conflict between the two groups of permanent and contract-based nurses (p=0.02). Also, a significant difference in the level of self-efficacy was observed between the two groups of nurses (p=0.03).</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> The level of self-efficacy and work-family conflict in contract-based nurses was not acceptable. Therefore, it is suggested to arrange courses to train effective skills in the field of management of work-family conflicts in order to increase the level of self-efficacy for contract-based nurses.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Conflict (Psychology), self-efficacy, work, family, female, nurses.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/273http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/273/131

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420110312288288ENPhD Student, Faculty Member, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc Student, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Faculty Member, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Faculty Member, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.20110210<ul><li><div class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Life skills have different effects on various aspects of the mental health. Social adjustment prepares adolescents for entering to the adulthood. On the other hand, humor and joking in the education is considered as a stress reducer and learning increaser. Therefore, the present study conducted aimed to determine the effect of acquiring life skills through humor on the social adjustment rate of the high school girls.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This was a two-group semi-experimental study including three phases. The study population included 69 first year high school female students of Isfahan Department of Education district 3 who were selected in simple random sampling. First of all, the social adjustment rate was measured using California Personality Inventory. Thereafter, life skills education was conducted using humor during five sessions. Finally, a test was taken in order to assess the acquisition of the life skills in which passing score was required for re-completing the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using software SPSS₁₀ and independent and paired t-tests.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> The findings of the study indicated that the mean score of the social adjustment statistically had a significant difference in the intervention group before and after the intervention. Furthermore, statistically, there was a significant difference between mean score of the social adjustment in the control group and test group after conducting the intervention.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> The findings of the study indicated that life skills education has been increased through humor on the social adjustment rate of the high school girl students. Considering the efficacy of learning life skills on the social adjustment and results of the other studies which were in accordance with the present study, implementing such trainings with a new method comprehensively is recommended in the schools.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Life skills, social adjustment, humor, female adolescent girls, psychology.</div></li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/288http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/288/315

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420110312315315ENMSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.PhD, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.20110212<ul><li><div class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> With regard to an increase in the life expectancy for women and the consistency of the menopause age, a significant portion of women's age is passed after the menopause. Menopause is considered as a critical and sensitive period due to the changes and the disorders that are involved in it. Vasomotor symptoms, sleep disorders and psycho-mental changes are among the most prevalent symptoms of this period. Hormone therapy is a common treatment and it involves some problems for most individuals. The purpose of this study was to comparatively examine the effects of two herbal medications, Hypericum Perforatum and Passion Flower, on menopause symptoms.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This study was of a clinical-experimental type which was done in 1388 in Isfahan. The sample included 59 menopausal women who had the conditions for entering into the study. The individuals were selected via simple sampling and were assigned randomly into two groups of Hypericum Perforatum treatment group (30 women) and Passion Flower group (29 women). The required data were filled out through interview, Personal Characteristics Questionnaire, and Cooperman's Index for menopause symptoms in three stages of pre-intervention, the third week of intervention, and the sixth week of intervention. The results were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods and the statistical software of SPSS.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> The findings showed that the average score of menopause symptoms in two treatment groups of Hypericum Perforatum and Passion Flower had a significant decrease throughout the third and the sixth weeks of study (P&lt;0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups and both herbs equally resulted in a decrease in the menopause symptoms scores (P&gt;0.05).</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> With regard to the effects of Hypericum Perforatum and Passion Flower on treating menopause precocious symptoms (vasomotor signs, insomnia, depression, anger, headache, etc.), these two herbs can be used as an alternative treatment for individuals who can not, whatsoever, use hormone therapy.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Menopause symptoms and treatment, hypericum perforatum and passion flower.</div></li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/315http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/315/255

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420110312303303ENMSc, Faculty Member, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Students Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Faculty Member, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.20110210<ul><li><div class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Stress has been defined as a barrier to concentration, problem solving, decision making, and other necessary abilities for students' learning; it also has some symptoms and illnesses in the students such as depression and anxiety. In reviewing stress and its consequences, the methods of coping with stress in the method of response to it would be more important than the nature of stress itself. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of stress management training program on depression, anxiety and stress rate of the nursing students.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This parallel group randomized quasi-experimental trial, was done on 68 Bs nursing students of Nursing and Midwifery School in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from 2010 to 2011.<span style="text-decoration: line-through;"> </span>The questionnaires of this study consisted of individual characteristics and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42). In a random fashion, The intervention group was trained with stress management training program in 8 two hours sessions, twice a week. The questionnaires were completed by both groups before, after and one month after the study.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> The results of the study indicated that there was no significant difference before the intervention in depression, anxiety and stress mean scores in the two groups. After the intervention, the mean scores of anxiety and stress in the intervention group was 5.09 (4.87) and 8.93 (6.01) and in the control group was 10 (6.45) and 13.17 (7.20), that reduction in depression mean score was significantly greater in the intervention group in the control group (p = 0.040). Furthermore, the mean scores of anxiety and stress showed a significant difference between the two groups (Anxiety p = 0.001; Stress p = 0.011); this reduction also had been remained after a month.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> According to the results of the present study, holding stress management training program workshops in different courses of the mental health department can improve mental health of the students.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Psychological stress, training programs, depression, anxiety, nursing students.</div></li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/303http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/303/256

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420110312313313ENMSc, Department of Nursing Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Seyed-Al-Shohada Hospital of Saman, Shahr-e-kord, Iran.MSc, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.PhD, Department of Counseling, Faculty of psychology, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.20110212<ul><li><div class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Mental health is of great importance in childhood and the foundation of personality of every individual is laid during this period. Moreover, behavioral problems are common in children, and a lot of the individual, familial, and social disorders originate from the fact that these problems are not treated at the right time. More important is that the behavioral problems of children are rooted in the behavior and upbringing of parents. Therefore, we carried out the present study to investigate the role of community health nurses in modifying the behavior of parents whose children have behavioral problems.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This research was a pre- and post-training quasi-experimental study. The study was carried out with the participation of the parents of 44 first-grade primary school children with reported behavioral problems. The instrument used in the study was a self-made questionnaire. The data was analyzed by SPSS software, using descriptive and inferential statistical methods (t-test and repeated ANOVA).</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> The mean scores of parents&rsquo; behavior before, immediately after, and one month after training exhibited a significant difference in both fathers and mothers (p= 0.04 in fathers and p&lt;0.001 in mothers). Moreover, the mean scores of mothers before and immediately after training and also before and one month after training showed a significant difference (p&lt;0.001 and p&lt;0.001, respectively). However, the mean scores of mothers immediately after and one month after training were not significantly different (p=0.53). Furthermore, the mean scores of fathers before and immediately after training and also before and one month after training were significantly different (p&lt;0.001 and p&lt;0.001, respectively). But, the mean scores of fathers immediately after and one month after training did not show a significant difference (p=0.33).</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Since the group training of parents led to a change in their behavior towards children, it is advisable to prepare and implement such programs.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Behavioral problems, community health nurse, parents.</div></li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/313http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/313/257

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420110312306306ENMSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.PhD, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Department of Nursing Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.20110210<ul><li><div class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Desirable sexual function has an important role in strengthening the marital life of the couples. Sexual disorders can cause mental pressure and affect quality of life and marital relationship.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This was a descriptive analytical study in one group and one phase covering multivariables. The study sample included 384 women after delivery period that had the following inclusion criteria: the age of at least 18 years, delivery in 38-42 pregnancy weeks, primiparous and multiparous women, living in the city, single pregnancy, and six weeks to twelve months elapsed from the delivery. The required data such as reproductive and sexual function index were collected through reporting questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods using software SPSS.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> The findings of the study indicated that the most prevalent disorder of the sexual relationship in postpartum was dyspareunia and the least prevalent was the sexual desire. The majority of the study sample (77.1%) had marital satisfaction and 58.6% had the desired sexual function. There was no significant association between sexual function and delivery, age, the type of delivery and breastfeeding, but there was a significant association for other factors such as the time elapsed after the delivery and primiparity or multiparity (p &lt; 0.01).</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> It is recommended that sexual problems after delivery be placed on the list of health teaching issues to pass easily this period of time. Women should be assured that these problems gradually would be improved and they should learn using proper techniques to decrease dyspareunia which is a sexual disorder in postpartum period.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Sexual function, delivery, dyspareunia, sexual desire.</div></li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/306http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/306/258

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420110312307307ENMSc, Department of Nursing Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.MSc, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Department of Nursing Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.20110210<ul><li><div class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Nurses often complain about overwork and underpay. It seems that the association between "quality of working life" (QWL) and the degree of nurses&rsquo; involvement in their carrier is the critical factor in achieving a higher level of quality of care. This study aimed to assess the quality of working life and its association with "job performance" of the nurses in educational hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2007.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This was a descriptive-correlation study. Target population included all the nurses who were employed in hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Sample size was 120 of the mentioned nurses. Sampling method was stratified random and data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data analysis was done using mean, frequency distribution and spearman test.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> Finding of the study showed that the most common kind of quality of working life in the nurses (56.7%) was moderate one. The most frequent nurses&rsquo; task performance (79.2%) was also related to the moderate performance. There was a direct and significant relationship between job performance and quality of working life in all the aspects.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> According to the research findings, it is important to consider the workplace and quality of working life of the nurses for improving productivity and performance of the nurses. Organization and nursing managers should use programs that can improve quality of working life of the nurses.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Nursing, quality of life, task performance.</div></li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/307http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/307/259

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420110312322322ENMD, Associated Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Pediatric Instructor, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan ,Iran.20110214<ul><li><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Since the use of high concentrations of oxygen in infants may lead to chronic lung problems, using proper methods of care in infants under mechanical ventilation is one of the most important measures in NICU.</li><li>This study aimed to investigate the effects of prone and supine positions on oxygenation (SPO₂) in premature infants under mechanical ventilation and comparing infants&rsquo; oxygenation in the two positions.</li><li><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> In across over non randomized clinical trial study, 32 preterm infants under mechanical ventilation who had inclusion criteria were enrolled in simple convenient method. Firstly, they were placed in supine position for 120 minutes and further in prone position for 120 minutes .Their SPO₂ were monitored by pulse oximeter continuously and was recorded every minute. Data analysis was done using Software SPSS₁₅ by ANOVA test and post hoc test.</li><li><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> The data showed that during 120 minutes of exposure of infants in each position there were no significant changes in SPO₂. In addition, the SPO₂ levels in the prone position were significantly higher than the SPO₂ levels in the supine position from 15^th minute to 120^th minute (to the end).</li><li><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Neonatal positioning in prone position is a simple, non-invasive, and free of charge method that could lead to improve oxygenation in infants undergoing mechanical ventilation.</li><li><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Neonate, respiratory distress, mechanical ventilation, oxygenated hemoglobin, supine position, prone position.</li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/322http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/322/262

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420110312326326ENMSc, Faculty Member, Department of Surgical Nursing Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Faculty Member, Shahr-e-Kord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran.Research and Development Unit of Barij Essence, Tehran, Iran.Faculty Member, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Faculty Member, Department of Surgical Nursing Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.20110214<ul><li><div class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Sleep disorder is one of the common problems patients face in ICU and CCU and it is usually treated by sleeping pills. Nowadays, the complementary medicine is highly considered because of its effectiveness and safety. Aromatherapy is one of the holistic nursing cares which sees human beings as a biological, mental and social unit while the psychological dimension has the central role. Each of these dimensions is dependent on each other and is affected by each other. Therefore, it is fundamental for nurses to provide aromatherapy in their clinical performance. Aromatherapy helps treatment of diseases by using vegetable oils and it seems to be effective in reducing sleeplessness.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This was a clinical trial on 64 patients (male and female) hospitalized in CCU in Al-zahra and Chamran hospitals. The intervention included 3 nights, each time 9 hours aromatherapy with lavender oil for the experiment group, while the controls received no intervention. Both groups filled out the SMHSQ that includes 11 items to assess sleep quality before and after intervention.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> Data analysis showed that the mean scores of sleep quality in the two groups of experiment and control were significantly different after the aromatherapy with lavender oil (p &lt; 0.001).</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Quality of sleep in ischemic heart disease patients was significantly improved after aromatherapy with lavender oil. Therefore, using aromatherapy can improve the quality of their sleep and health.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> aromatherapy, sleep, ischemic heart disease.</div></li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/326http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/326/263

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420110312335335ENMSc, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Nephrology, Isfahan Kidney Disease Research Center and School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences ,Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Department of Operating Room Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.20110214<ul><li><div class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Pruritus is one of the commonest problems in patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Pruritus is an irritating symptom which can directly affect the life quality of patients with chronic renal failure. However, available treatments have failed to relieve the symptom and kidney transplant remains the definite treatment of the problem. A recently proposed treatment for pruritus is the use of complementary medicine. Thus, the aim of this research is to study the effect of aromatherapy on pruritus relief in hemodialysis patients.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> The study is a pre- and post-clinical trial, carried out in dialysis centers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2009. Sample was performed using convenient sampling method and the participants were selected from among the patient who received hemodialysis three times a week for 3-5 hours and had pruritus scores above 3. All the participants received seven minutes of hand massage in the non-fistulated hand with 3-5 ml of lavender, mint, and tea tree oils at 5% concentration for six sessions (two weeks). The data of the study were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS software, version 16.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> Twenty patients with end-stage renal failure who had pruritus fulfilled the course of the study. Data analysis indicated that aromatherapy significantly relieved pruritus (p&lt;0.05).</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Aromatherapy can significantly relieve pruritus in hemodialysis patients.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Aromatherapy; pruritus; hemodialysis.</div></li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/335http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/335/264

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420110312318318ENPhD, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.20110213<ul><li><div class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> In order to support cancer patients, nurses need to identify different physio-psycho- social needs of patients using a holistic approach. Focusing on Quality of Life (QoL) is congruent with the philosophy of a holistic approach in nursing. The main aim of this research study thus was to identify the level of agreement between cancer patients and nurses about cancer patients' QoL.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> The study was a survey which was completed in 2008. 166 cancer patients and 95 nurses were conveniently recruited from three major hospitals in Adelaide, Australia. Each patient and nurse was invited to complete the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQoL-BREF) questionnaire separately. This questionnaire considers QoL across four domains or dimensions: physical health, psychological health, social relationship and environment.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> The proportion of the exact agreement between the two groups was 34.9%, 34.5%, 33.8%, and 36.9% for the physical, psychological, social relationship, and environmental QoL domains, respectively.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Results may indicate that nurses do not have a holistic understanding of cancer patients' QoL. QoL tools like the WHOQoL-BREF might be used as guidelines for nurses to assess cancer patients' QoL rather than relying heavily on their perceptions and intuitions. The results provide some implications for Iran.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Nursing; quality of life; patients; oncology, nurses; world health organization; questionnaires.</div></li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/318http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/318/265

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420110319330330ENMSc, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.20110214<ul><li><div class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> One of the biggest problem today that most developing countries are faced with is the uncontrolled population growth; a serious threat to the international community. One of the most accessible contraceptive methods is the hormonal methods in which low-dose estrogen (LD) combined pills are considered as the most common among them. The most important reason for discontinuation of the combination pills is the side effects and following the discontinuation, it can lead to unwanted pregnancy. Promotion of more new methods and providing better methods with lesser side effects can be an important step towards solving some of the problems and increasing the usage percentages of contraceptive methods. This study therefore aimed to compare the effects of Yasmin and LD on menstrual cycle changes.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> In this clinical trial study, 60 women referred to the Family Planning Health Center of Isfahan in 2008 were studied that finally after the sample loss, 27 and 24 samples were placed in Yasmin and LD groups, respectively. A questionnaire was used in order to collect the data. Content validity test and re-test also were used to confirm the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. To analyze the data, SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> The results of this study indicated that the bleeding rate in the Yasmin group within the next six month compared to taking them before was significantly lower than that in LD group (p = 0.02); but there was no significant difference in terms of menstrual bleeding duration and the two menstruation interval between the two groups (p = 0.2). There was no significant difference between the Yasmin and LD groups in terms of delay in menstruation and dysmenorrheal. Spotting rate significantly was higher in Yasmin group than that in LD group (p = 0.02). There was a significant reduction in terms of bleeding rate changes and menstrual bleeding duration in both Yasmin and LD group at the following next six months in comparison with before the consumption (p &lt; 0.05).</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> According to the obtained results, the consumers of oral combination of Yasmin pills have experience fewer menstrual disorders than LD consumers. Therefore, it is recommended to start using Yasmin pill in the family planning units in Iran.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> LD, menstrual cycle changes, pill, Yasmin.</div></li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/330http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/330/280

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906615420110319333333ENMSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc Student,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Students Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Consultation & Consultation, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, The University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, The University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.20110214<ul><li><div class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Infertility causes psychological and emotional tension in the couples and makes severe stress on infertile men and women. Relaxation technique is one of the methods that reduces the stress and can balance the human&rsquo;s emotions. This study aimed to determine the effect of relaxation on the infertile women&rsquo;s stress score.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This was a semi-experimental and clinical trial study. Participants randomly divided into two groups. At the beginning, the stress scores were assessed in both groups using Newton's infertility stress questionnaire. The participants&rsquo; stress scores were evaluated and then, the relaxation technique was implemented on the intervention group. This technique was performed in twelve sessions. All the questionnaires were completed under supervision of the researcher after embryo was transferred to the uterus (after 2 weeks) and before conducting the pregnancy test.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> Independent t-test showed that the total stress score did not have a significant difference in groups before the intervention (p &gt; 0.05) whereas independent t-test indicated a significant difference in stress scores between the two groups after the intervention (p &lt; 0.05). Stress score was higher in the control group in comparison with the intervention group.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Relaxation technique can reduce the stress score in infertile women as a complementary and alternative medicine method.</div></li><li><div class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Relaxation, stress, infertile women.</div></li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/333http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/333/283