Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906617120120417Journal Index689689EN20120417<span>Click to download the index of this issue.</span><br />http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/689http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/689/438Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906617120120105The effects of listening to preferred music on pain intensity after open heart surgery286286ENPhD Student, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery (Nasibeh), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.MSc of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery (Nasibeh), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.PhD Student, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery (Nasibeh), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.PhD Student, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery (Nasibeh), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.2011020620110914<ul><li><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Pain is a common phenomenon after surgery. Cardiac surgeries are no exception and patients generally experience acute pain after these surgeries. Inadequate pain management after cardiac surgery predisposes patients to many complications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of listening to preferred music on pain intensity after open heart surgery.</li><li><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This study was a randomized clinical trial (RCT) conducted in open heart intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital in Sari, Iran. A total of 60 patients who were scheduled to undergo open heart surgery were randomly allocated in two groups. Patients in the intervention group (n = 30) listened to their preferred music by headphones for 30 minutes, whereas those in the control group (n = 30) did not listen to music. Using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), pain intensity was measured among the patients before the intervention, and immediately, 30 minutes and one hour after the intervention. Data was analyzed by Chi-square test, student's t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).</li><li><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> Mean pain intensity in the intervention group before, immediately after, 30 minutes and one hour after the intervention were 5.8, 3.1, 2.5 and 2.4, respectively. Corresponding numbers in the control group were 4.7, 4.7, 4.8 and 4.9, respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA showed music to significantly reduce pain intensity (p = 0.0001).</li><li><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Music can be effective as a non-pharmacological, inexpensive, non-invasive and side effect free method for pain management after open heart surgery.</li><li><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Music, postoperative pain, cardiac surgery, intensive care unit, music therapy.</li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/286http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/286/412Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906617120120105The effects of self-care training on quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis627627ENPhD, Assistant Professor, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.MSc, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.PhD Student, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Lecturer, Department of Internal Medicine and Surgery, Islamic Azad University, Abhar Branch, Abhar, Zanjan, Iran.20120105<ul><li><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive disease of the central nervous system with debilitating symptoms and complications. Therefore, education and appropriate interventions, including self-care education, are necessary to increase the quality of life in these patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of self-care education on quality of life in MS patients affiliated to Iranian MS Association.</li><li><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This quasi-experimental study assessed a single group of MS patients before and after training. Totally, 50 MS patients were selected non-randomly from the patients referring to Iranian MS Association. A two-part questionnaire was used to collect data. The first part included demographic information and the second part consisted of a quality of life questionnaire (MSQOL-54) including 54 items in 3 sections and 14 subgroups. The scores ranges from zero to a hundred in each subgroup. The reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96). The questionnaires were filled out by the patients before training. After at least six 50-minute training sessions during three months, the same questionnaire was again completed by the participants. Statistical analyses, including absolute and relative frequency tables and mean and standard deviation for descriptive analysis, and t-test and Pearson correlation for descriptive analysis, were performed by SPSS.</li><li><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> The mean values of quality of life in physical health, pain, fatigue, health conception, changes in health status, sexual activities, as well as overall quality of life scores differed significantly after training. Moreover, except for cognitive activity, there were significant differences in values of mental health before and after training.</li><li><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Designing and applying the self-care programs based on the educational needs of MS patients has a positive effect on physical and psychological aspects of their quality of life.</li><li><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Multiple sclerosis, self-care, patient education, quality of life.</li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/627http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/627/437Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906617120120105Nurses’ attitude to patient education barriers in educational hospitals of Urmia University of Medical Sciences628628ENCandidate of PhD in Nursing, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.Candidate of PhD in Nursing, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.Candidate of PhD , Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.BSc, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.MS, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.20120105<ul><li><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> The purpose of this study was to explore nurses’ attitudes to the barriers<sup> </sup>of patient education as a right for getting information based on work situation of nurses, educational facilities in hospitals, and patients’ situation.</li><li><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. The populations consisted of 240 nurses affiliated in the Educational Hospitals. The data were gathered by a questionnaire. Demographic<sup> </sup>variables and three domains were studied. Twenty questions were about their working situation, 4 questions about hospital educating facilities, and 12 questions were about patients’ situation in hospital. The type and frequency of education<sup> </sup>barriers were evaluated, and variables associated with reporting<sup> </sup>an obstacle were analyzed.</li><li><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> In our questionnaire, we used a Likert scale for determining severity of three domains as the barriers of patient education that ranged from 0 to 4. Generally, it was obvious that educational condition in our hospitals was not good and most of the nurses believed that patient education is not their duties, facilities in hospitals are not sufficient and shortness of time is the most important cause of insufficiency of patient education.</li><li><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> The interactions of patient, physician and systemic<sup> </sup>factors have implications for the implementation of patient education. The failure of adequate patient education may<sup> </sup>be attributed to the lack of patient adherence, the failure of nurses'<sup> </sup>knowledge and skill level or the insufficient funding and organization<sup> </sup>of necessary programs in the current health care system.</li><li><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Attitude, health barriers, educational hospitals, Urmia.</li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/628http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/628/414Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906617120120105The impact of Synergy Model on nurses’ performance and the satisfaction of patients with acute coronary syndrome465465ENMSc, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.PhD, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.2011062720110725<ul><li><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Despite many progresses in the improvement of care status and the management of acute coronary syndrome, cares quality is far from the desirable conditions. Today, due to the great emphasis on resources management, costs control, the effectiveness of patient care, improving quality and responsibility, the good patient care is necessary. Two dimensions are referred for improving the quality: process (standard- based and safe services) and resultant (client satisfaction). The present study, aimed at determining the impact of Synergy Model on nurses’ performance and the satisfaction of the patients with acute coronary syndrome.</li><li><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> In a quasi- experimental study in a two-group and two-step form, a sample of 22 nurses and 64 patients with acute coronary syndrome in cardiac intensive care units of some university hospitals in 2010-2011 were recruited. Synergy Model was explained and carried out for the studied groups in a workshop and its impact on nurses performance in different areas and patients’ satisfaction was examined by using two checklists: “examining the nurses’ performance quality” and “examining the patients satisfaction”.</li><li><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> Differences between the mean scores of the nurses in communicative, supportive, care and educational domains and total performance were statistically significant before and after the intervention (p < 0.001). However, in therapeutic domain, changes were not significant. There was a statistically significant difference between the average satisfaction score of the two groups (p < 0.001).</li><li><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Applying Synergy Model as a basis for receiving nursing cares was effective in increasing patient satisfaction and in the performance of nurses of cardiac intensive care units.</li><li><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Nurses performance, patient’s satisfaction, synergy model, acute coronary syndrome.</li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/465http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/465/415Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906617120120105Knowledge, attitudes and practice of nurses regarding adverse drug reaction reporting410410ENPharmD, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.PharmD, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.PharmD, BCPS, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Dr.Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.PharmD, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.PharmD, BCPS, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Dr.Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.2011042620110914<ul><li><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are ranked as some of the major causes of patient morbidity and mortality. Spontaneous reporting of ADRs has remained the cornerstone of pharmacovigilance and is important in maintaining patient safety. This study was conducted to assess the nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards pharmacovigilance, reasons for not reporting ADRs, and their pharmacovigilance practice.</li><li><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> A questionnaire was prepared to investigate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of nurses regarding ADR reporting. In November 2009, the questionnaires were given to 500 nurses of a teaching hospital in Tehran.</li><li><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> Knowledge and practice of participants were not satisfying; however, their attitude towards pharmacovigilance was at a high level. About 91% of the nurses had never reported an ADR. Most nurses liked to report the ADRs to the physicians (87.1%) and pharmacists in hospital’s ADR center (1.8%) rather than the ADR National Center. The main cause of under-reporting of the suspected ADRs was unawareness about the existence of such a national center. Among nurses who had reported ADR for at least once, the majority preferred using phone (10 out of 50) or Yellow Cards (7 out of 50). Only 1 person out of 50 preferred using internet for submitting the reports.</li><li><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Since the nurses in this study had little knowledge and poor practice regarding the pharmacovigilance and spontaneous reporting system, interventions such as holding pharmacovigilance workshops in the hospitals focusing on the aims of pharmacovigilance, completing the Yellow Card and clarifying the reporting criteria are strongly recommended.</li><li><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Knowledge, attitude, practice, nurse, adverse drug reaction, pharmacovigilance, Iran.</li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/410http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/410/418Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906617120120105The effect of open and closed endotracheal tube suctioning system on respiratory parameters of infants undergoing mechanical ventilation464464ENMSc, Instructor, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc Student, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMD, Associate Professor of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Instructor, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.201106272011071120110711<ul><li><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Mechanical ventilation is used for some infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) due to many physiological and clinical causes. Since these patients have endotracheal tubes, cleaning and keeping the airways open through suctioning should be done to increase oxygenation. This study aimed to evaluate effect of open and closed suctioning methods on respiratory parameters of infants undergoing mechanical ventilation.</li><li><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> In this crossover clinical trial, 44 infants were selected among those undergone mechanical ventilation in NICU of Isfahan’s Al-Zahra Hospital using convenience sampling method. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, open suctioning was carried out and after three hours of cleaning, closed suctioning was done. In the second group, closed suctioning was firstly done and following three hours of cleaning, open suctioning was implemented. Respiratory rate (RR) and percentage of arterial blood oxygen saturation was measured before, during and after each type of suctioning. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and independent student’s t-test.</li><li><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> There was a significant difference between mean respiratory rate and arterial blood oxygen saturation in infants before, during and after the closed and open suctioning. The percentage of arterial blood oxygen saturation had a significant reduction in open method compared to closed method during suctioning and immediately after it. RR three minutes after suctioning showed a significant reduction in both steps in open method compared to closed method.</li><li><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Close method caused fewer changes in hemodynamic status of infants. Therefore, in order to prevent respiratory complications in infants, nurses are recommended to perform the endotracheal tube suctioning by closed method.</li><li><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Respiratory rate, ventilation, neonate, suction.</li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/464http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/464/416Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906617120120105The effects of relaxation on reducing depression, anxiety and stress in women who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer629629ENMSc Student, Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Lecturer, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.20120105<ul><li><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among Iranian women. These patients suffer from a wide range of physical and mental (depression, anxiety and stress) signs and symptoms during the diagnostic and therapeutic processes. Despite the improvement in survival rates due to advances in medical care, different types of psychosocial interventions are still growingly needed considering the increasing number of cancer patients with longer survival times. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of relaxation on depression, anxiety and stress in women who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer.</li><li><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This clinical trial was conducted during about 4.5 months in a referral chemotherapy clinic of a teaching hospital in Isfahan, Iran. The participants consisted of 48 breast cancer patients who were selected by simple random sampling. They were randomly assigned into two groups of control and case. The control group was treated only by usual medical therapy, whereas the case group was treated by combined medical-relaxation therapy. Data collection tools were the validated Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS42) and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test and paired t-test.</li><li><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> The baseline mean scores of depression, anxiety and stress were not significantly different between the case and control groups. However, the scores in the case group improved significantly after the treatment (p < 0.05). On the contrary, such improvement was not seen in the control group.</li><li><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Relaxation therapy can be effective in the improvement of depression, anxiety and stress. Therefore, it can be recommended as an effective care program in patients with malignant disorders.</li><li><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Relaxation, depression, anxiety, stress, mastectomy, breast cancer.</li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/629http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/629/417Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906617120120105The effects of red clover on quality of life in post-menopausal women486486ENMSc, Instructor, Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc Student, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranPhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Instructor, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran2011072220110926<p class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Due to symptoms and its complications, menopause influences the mental, psychological and physical health, social performance and familial relationships. Because of the undesirable side effects of hormone replacement therapy, tendency and desire toward alternative treatments in relieving menopausal symptoms have increased. Among the alternative therapies are herbs and among those, herbs with phytoestrogens are more preferable. Red clover is a rich source of phytoestrogens. The present study investigated the effect of red clover on quality of life in post-menopausal women.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> In a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial,<strong> </strong>72 menopausal women who at least obtained 15 scores in Kupperman Menopausal Index, after two weeks of monitoring, were randomly allocated to receive either placebo or 45 mg of red clover isoflavones for eight weeks. Before the treatment and at the end of the study, menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire (MENQOL) was completed in the two groups.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> A total of 55 women completed the study, 28 subjects in red clover and 27 in placebo group. Mean score of total quality of life (p < 0.001 in both groups), mean score of quality of life in vasomotor domain (p < 0.001 in both groups), psycho-social domain (p < 0.001 in red clover and p = 0.02 in placebo group) and physical domain (p < 0.001 red clover and p = 0.01 placebo group) significantly reduced compared to the baseline values. However, the differences between two groups were significant neither for total quality of life nor for its domains. Red clover had no side effects and all the subjects in the red clover group were satisfied with the prescribed administration.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> In the present study, the effect of red clover supplementation on menopausal women's quality of life showed no difference with the placebo. Further clinical trials are recommended.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Menopause, phytoestrogens, quality of life, red clover, symptoms.</p> <p class="abstract"> </p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/486http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/486/452Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906617120120105The effects of enhanced external counterpulsation on health-related quality of life in patients with angina pectoris630630ENMSc, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Department of Technologies and Safety, Jami Institute of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.PhD Student, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.20120105<p><strong>Background:</strong> The complicated concept of quality of life (QOL) has been considered as an important criterion for health outcomes in chronic diseases, such as heart disease, in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the QOL of patients with angina pectoris after treatment with enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP).</p> <p><strong>Methods and Materials:</strong> This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 64 patients with angina pectoris undergoing EECP who came to Shahid Chamran and Sina Hospitals in Isfahan. Sampling was performed by the convenient method. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing socio-demographic and clinical data. A standard questionnaire called 36-item Short-Form Health Survey was also used. Questionnaires were completed through interviews and phone calls in three stages (before, immediately and three months after the treatment). The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (paired t-test and repeated measures test) in SPSS<sub>11.5</sub>.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The obtained results demonstrated that the majority of patients were men (59.4%) and aged 56-71 years. In addition, 57.8% had hypertension and 56.3% had hyperlipidemia. A history of myocardial infarction was found in 70.3% of the subjects and the familial history of coronary artery disease was detected in73.4%. Although QOL evaluations showed improvements in all subscales immediately and three months after the treatment, the changes were not statistically significant in case of general health, <em>role</em> limitations due to <em>physical</em> problems and <em>role</em> limitations due to <em>mental</em> problems.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Similar to previous research, this study showed QOL to improve in patients who undergo EECP. This improvement will remain stable three months after the treatment in all subscales. Therefore, EECP is an efficient noninvasive method in treating patients with angina pectoris and in developing their QOL.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Angina pectoris, health-related quality of life, enhanced external counterpulsation.</p>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/630http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/630/419Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906617120120105The effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercises on quality of life of women surviving breast cancer632632ENPhD, Associate professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.PhD, Assistant Professor, School of Management, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MD, Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MD, Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MD, Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MD, Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MSN, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.20120105<ul><li><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers amongst women in developed and developing countries. It is associated with the highest mortality rate in low to average-income countries. Breast cancer investigation amongst Iranian women reveals that the number of its incidence is yet the highest in all cancer types. Despite recent longer survival time of women with breast cancer, most of the patients suffer from long term physical and mental distress due to combined treatments. Exercise interventions are among new approaches to promote the better quality of life of the patients, which has only recently been considered by researchers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise intervention on the quality of life of breast cancer survivors.</li><li><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This is a clinical trial conducted on 80 women with I-III breast cancer, at 18-55 years of age mostly two years after the completion of their treatment in Seyed al Shohada hospital in Isfahan. They were randomly divided into two groups of study and control. Exercise intervention went on for 8 weeks in the study group (three sessions a week, 60 minutes). Quality of life in both groups was measured a day before, and at the end of the eight weeks period by the instrument of the National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical tests of X2, t-test and Mac Hammer test.</li><li><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> Results showed that there was no significant difference in the mean score of the physical dimension of quality of life in the study group before and after intervention while the score of physical health was significantly better in the control group (p < 0.00).The mean score of mental dimension had increased in the study group, while it had decreased in the control group. The mean score of social health showed no significant difference before and after intervention. The mean score of spiritual health had significantly decreased in the control group, while it had significantly increased in the study group (p = 0.004). Generally, the total mean score of the quality of life showed no significant difference before and after intervention. However, the percentage of the quality of life score increased in the study group, but decreased in the control group.</li><li><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> The results of this study showed that exercise interventions can promote a better quality of life for the patients, and increase the total score of quality of life. Although, the total score of quality of life was not significantly different, it was concluded that exercise can promote the quality of life amongst patients with breast cancer.</li><li><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Quality of life, breast cancer, exercise.</li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/632http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/632/420Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906617120120107The effects of perineal management techniques on labor complications633633ENMSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc Student, Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.MSc, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.20120105<ul><li><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Many women suffer from perineal trauma during the normal vaginal delivery. Perineal trauma is mainly associated with pain and complications after the childbirth. Perineal management techniques can play a significant role in perineal trauma reduction. This study aimed to compare the effects of perineal management techniques (hands-off technique, Ritgen maneuver and perineal massage using a lubricant during delivery) on the labor complications.</li><li><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This quasi-experimental clinical trial was conducted on 99 primiparous women who referred to Daran Hospital, Isfahan, Iran for normal vaginal delivery in 2009. The subjects were selected using a convenient method and randomly assigned to three groups of Ritgen maneuver, hands-off technique and perineal massage with lubricant. A questionnaire was used to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants and complications after birth. The short form of McGill Pain Questionnaire and the visual analogue scale for pain were also employed. The incidence and degree of perineal tears were evaluated immediately after delivery. Moreover, the incidence and severity of perineal pain were assessed 24 hours and also 6 weeks after delivery.</li><li><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> In the Ritgen maneuver group, the frequency of tears, the relative frequency of tear degrees, the severity of perineal pain 24 hours after delivery and the frequency of pain and perineal pain severity 6 weeks after delivery were significantly different from the other two methods.</li><li><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Hands-off technique during parturition of the neonate's head was associated with fewer complications after delivery. It was even better than perineal massage during the parturition.</li><li><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Labor complications<strong>, </strong>hands-off technique, Ritgen maneuver, perineal massage, tearing, pain.</li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/633http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/633/467Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-906617120120107An investigation on sleep behaviors of the elderly hospitalized in Zahedan634634ENMSc Student, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.PhD, Associate professor, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.PhD, Instructor, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.20120107<ul><li><strong>BACKGROUND</strong><strong>:</strong> Sleep is an essential need in every individual’s life. A disorder in the natural sleep can cause physical and mental problems. The elderly are usually faced with more sleep problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to define sleep behavior among the elderly hospitalized in Zahedan.</li><li><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> This is a descriptive analytical study conducted on 300 elderly people aged 60 years and over who were hospitalized in Zahedan. In this research convenience sampling method was used and the research tool was a questionnaire. The data were collected through interviews. Descriptive (frequency distribution) and inferential (X<sup>2</sup>) statistical tests were employed to analyze the data.</li><li><strong>RESULTS</strong><strong>:</strong> The results showed that 62% of the hospitalized elderly people (total of 300) had sleep disorder. About 44.7%took sleep medication in order to sleep, and only 16.7% did not take sleeping medications. About 44.7% had no special schedule for the time of their sleeping and waking up, and 4.3% were involved in drug abuse and smoking, and had a big dinner before sleeping. There was a significant association between sleep disorder, gender, education, living in urban or rural areas, the cause of hospitalization, and suffering from a chronic disease.</li><li><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>:</strong> Sleep disorder and inappropriate sleep related behaviors had a high prevalence among the elderly. With regard to the important role of sleep in the quality of life of the elderly, detection of the reasons of sleep disorder, motivating them to practice an appropriate sleep behavior, and preventing them from having inappropriate sleep related behaviors are crucial issues.</li><li><strong>KEY WORDS</strong><strong>:</strong> Sleep behavior, elderly, hospitalized elderly.</li></ul>http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/634http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/634/439