Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066133200902175959MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University of Semnan, Semnan, IranMSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Isfahan Healthy Heart Program, Isfahan, Iran20101113<strong>Background:</strong> Women's role in family and their participation in social, economical and cultural activities make them a part<br />of development process. Paying attention to women's health is a social investment. Nowadays 70% of women suffer from<br />breast pain and two third of these pains are periodical. Among the pain killing methods, herbal medicine is more compatible<br />with human body and has fewer side effects because the drugs are natural. This study aimed to find the effects of evening<br />primrose oil and vitamin E on the severity of periodical breast pain in women.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> It was a single-blind semi-experimental study. The studied sample included 66 women 18-40 years of age suffering<br />from breast pain and tenderness referred to ten health centers of Isfahan in 2007. Sampling method was simple random.<br />The patients were divided into two groups to receive evening primrose oil or vitamin E. Severity of pain was assessed by<br />Cardiff chart before and after one month of intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via<br />SPSS software.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The severity of periodical breast pain in both groups decreased significantly before and after the medication (in<br />both groups, p < 0.05)).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the findings, evening primrose oil decrease the severity of pain and it is more effective and better<br />than the known and common vitamin E medicine.<br /><strong>Key words:</strong> Primrose oil, vitamin E, periodical breast tenderness, periodical breast painhttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/59http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/59/59

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066133200902176060MSc, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Operating Room Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran20101113<strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes is a chronic disease affects many aspects of daily life. We need a bio-psychosocial approach to<br />patients and their problems in diabetes management. Since patient's beliefs about health and disease will guide selfmanagement<br />measures, a holistic understanding toward subject is necessary. The aim of this study was to identify and<br />describe the lived experiences of patients with diabetes in a qualitative study.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> A descriptive phenomenological framework used to guide the project of inquiry. Eleven volunteered patients<br />(6 men, 5 women) were recruited by purposed sampling from ";Glands and Metabolism Research Center"; and ";Al-Zahra<br />Hospital"; of Isfahan in 2006. In-depth unstructured one to one interviews conducted and interview data were transcribed<br />and analyzed for themes using collizi method.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Five themes were identified including; ";Why I get";, ";Disease requirements";, ";Can I do";, ";Limitations";, ";Silent<br />motion towards death";. 3 first items belongs to participants' perception about diseases etiology, treatment, and their<br />feeling about their situation, respectively. ";Silent movement towards death"; and ";limitation"; pointed to the patients'<br />belief about limitation in nutrition and having a healthy child and nature of disease.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on findings, patients' beliefs about their disease and health situation can affect health behaviors and<br />self-management, and act as barriers and facilitators in patient behaviors. Findings suggest considering this factor in selfmanagement<br />preparing program.<br /><strong>Key words:</strong> Type II diabetes, lived experience, phenomenologyhttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/60http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/60/60

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066133200902176161MSc, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranPhD, Associate Professor, Department of Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran20101113<strong>Background:</strong> Once it comes to infections, children are the weakest members of society and they gather together in nurseries<br />and kindergartens as their first communities. In recent years, parents were more eager to send their children to nurseries.<br />This research investigated self-care to prevent urinary tract infections in children.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a qualitative research using a contextual thematic analysis. Samples were selected from children with<br />urinary tract infections who attended nurseries of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences along with their parents, teachers<br />and the head of nurseries. Sampling was purposive and continued until data saturation which occurred with 10 participants<br />including 7 mothers whose kids experienced urinary tract infections and 3 nurseries' heads and teachers. Data were collected<br />in 2005 during appointments in nurseries by deep and semi-organized interviews. Each interview lasted between 30<br />to 50 minutes (average length was 40 minutes). Data were analyzed according to Straw-Bert model.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Three main conceptions were derived from the experiences of participants on self-care to prevent urinary tract infections,<br />including: diagnosis of symptoms, dangerous factors and effective diet for prevention; control the disease, medication,<br />preventing effects and relapse into the disease by health care; additional interventions, diagnosis tests and follow-up.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the findings, the participants in this research experienced several factors that caused urinary tract<br />infections. These factors were different based on their knowledge and the existence or non-existence of health care support.<br />These results were supporting other studies on the subject.<br /><strong>Key words:</strong> Self care, urinary tract infection, children, contextual thematic analysishttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/61http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/61/61

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066133200902176262MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahre Kord University of Medical Scienses, Shahre Kord, IranMD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranPhD, Pharmacologist, Manager of Research and Development Unit, Aburaihan Pharmacutical CO, Tehran, Iran20101113<strong>Background:</strong> This study aimed to define and compare the efficiency and complication between HD and levonorgestrel tablets<br />as an emergency contraceptive method.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> In this double blind clinical trial, the subjects included 68 women aged 15-45 years with regular menstruation<br />cycles referred to Isfahan health centers within the first 72 hours after their unprotected coitus between May to Sep 2006.<br />The subjects were selected by convenient sampling and randomly divided into two groups: one taking HD tablets and the<br />other levonorgestrel. The data were collected by 3 questionnaires including demographic, productivity, coitus characteristics,<br />efficiency and some complications such as nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness and analytic statistical tests ran<br />through SPSS software.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Levonorgestrel had 100% efficiency in contraception (the difference was significant between two groups). There<br />was no significant difference between changes in menstruation cycle and headache but there were differences considering<br />nausea, vomiting and the times of vomiting within 24 hours after taking the second dose of the tablets; but it wasn't significant<br />during the last six hours. Generally, in group of levonorgestrel side effects such as spotting, high amount or severe<br />menstrual bleeding, occurrence and the times of vomiting, nausea severity, headache and dizziness were all witnessed less.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> Consumption of 0.75 mg levonorgestrel twice as an emergency contraceptive method has higher efficiency in<br />prevention of unwanted pregnancies and lower side effects compared to HD tablets. It is suggested to plan and take necessary<br />actions to produce and distribute these tablets as an emergency contraceptive method in Iran.<br /><strong>Key words:</strong> Emergency contraceptive methods, levonorgestrel, Yuzpe.http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/62http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/62/62

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066133200902176363MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Isfahan, IranPhD, Associate Professor, Department of Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran20101113<strong>Background: </strong>All women experience similar changes in the postpartum period, but some special factors make these experiences<br />unique and sometimes cause stress and anxiety. Understanding these experiences is essential for providing appropriate<br />postpartum care. This study investigated the meaning and nature of mothers' experiences and their daily life in this<br />period.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a qualitative study employing a phenomenological approach. Data were collected by deep interviews. 14<br />mothers who referred to the hospitals or health care centers of Isfahan city in 2005 were interviewed. Sampling was purposive<br />and data were analyzed by Colaizzi's method.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The total findings of the study were collected in 90 codes, 15 categories and 4 main concepts were extracted: positive<br />mood reactions, negative mood reactions, feeling unprepared, and body image change.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Mothers᾽ experiences lead to psychological and emotional reactions in postpartum period based on the care and<br />support they receive. If these services are not enough and appropriate, they face various tensions which have adverse effects<br />on the newborns and families as well. Therefore, to help mothers and their families to achieve their evolutionary role<br />with minimum stress in this susceptible period, it is necessary to determine the effective factors and plan strategies for<br />postpartum care services based on mothers' need.<br /><strong>Key words:</strong> Postpartum experiences, mothers' experiences, postpartum care<br />http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/63http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/63/63

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066133200902176464MSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan IranMSc, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Fundamental Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Iran20101113<strong>Background:</strong> Parenting style in communication with teenagers is a complex and double way process that affects progress<br />and success of all generations both at present time and future. Due to the importance of having accurate knowledge about<br />mothers' parenting style and its underlying factors, it has been assessed in this study.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study on 737 female students in guidance schools in Isfahan. Information<br />about background factors and mothers' parenting styles were gathered according to parent's control and responding via<br />specified questionnaires. Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> According to the results, 30.8 % of students had mothers with authoritative parental style, 48.2 % had mothers with<br />permissive parental styles, 7.9 % had despotic mothers and 13.2 % had mothers with neglectful parental style. Data analysis<br />showed significant correlation between mother's education and parenting style but there was no significant relation between<br />parental style and student's age, mother's age, birth rank and mother's employment.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study concluded that permissive style and after that, despotic style, were the most common parenting styles<br />in female guidance school students' mothers. Mothers with higher levels of education used permissive and despotic parenting<br />styles more in comparison with other mothers. It seems that these mothers try to response to physiological and emotional<br />needs of their daughters instead of teach them the family values.<br /><strong>Key words:</strong> Parenting style, mothers, guidance school students, daughters<br />http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/64http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/64/64

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066133200902176565MSc,Department of Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Saddigheh Tahereh Researsch Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Psychatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc,Department of Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran20101113<strong>Background:</strong> Working in managerial posts, nurses need to know the management concepts and skills such as change<br />management. This knowledge can improve the quality of patients care. This research was a study on the change concept<br />by describing the nursing managers' experiences as an agent for change.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> It was a qualitative research based on phenomenology. Data were collected from matron nurse managers working<br />in the hospitals of the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Sampling method was purposive and continued until<br />data saturation. The number of participants was 13. Data were collected by open interviews and the analysis of data was<br />based on the Colaizzi's method.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The findings consist of 220 concepts classified in five main concepts including prospect, outcome, variables,<br />stimulator, and acceptation.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings showed that most nurse managers have some experiences of change state as a change agent.<br />Since hospitals and health centers are in direct contact with people of all social groups and their activities benefit the<br />public, nurses should pay more attention to health care development and change.<br /><strong>Key words:</strong> Change, nurse managers, experiencehttp://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/65http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/65/65

Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research1735-9066133200902176666MSc, Department of Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamedan Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, IranMSC, Department of Health nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranMSc, Nursing leadership of Noor Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran20101113<strong>Background:</strong> Although extensive development of technology provides welfare and accessibility for families but it may be<br />one of the threatening factors for them. The unique characteristics of internet such as availability and facility are useful, but<br />over using for its exciting content cause to internet addiction between family members. The aim of this study was to explain<br />the experiences of the family members of dependence to internet.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> A phenomenological approach was used in order to find the meaning of dependence on internet in family members.<br />Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi's descriptive method was used for data analysis.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Findings of this study were classified into 60 codes and three main concepts consisted of motivators (directors),<br />complications, and changing life style.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Dependent members of family after tending to internet tolerated some complications like family disjointing<br />and inappropriate change of life style that can be the focus of psychiatric and family health nurses.<br /><strong>Key words:</strong> Family, dependency, internet<br /><br />http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/view/66http://ijnmr.mui.ac.ir/index.php/ijnmr/article/download/66/66