Effects of music therapy on pain responses induced by blood sampling in premature infants: A randomized cross-over trial

Fidan Shabani, Nahid Dehghan Nayeri, Roghiyeh Karimi, Khadijeh Zarei, Mohammad Chehrazi

Abstract


ABSTRACT

Background: Premature infants are subjected to many painful procedures during care and treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of music therapy on physiological and behavioral pain responses of premature infants during and after blood sampling.


Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-over clinical trial conducted on 20 infants in a hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences for a 5-month period in 2011. In the experimental group, “Transitions” music was played from 5 min before until 10 min after blood sampling. The infants’ facial expressions and physiological measures were recorded from 10 min before until 10 min after sampling. All steps and measurements, except music therapy, were the same for the control group. Data were analyzed using SAS and SPSS software through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square tests.


Results: There were significant differences between the experimental and control groups (P = 0.022) in terms of heart rate during needle extraction and at the first 5 min after sampling (P = 0.005). Considering the infant’s sleep–wake state in the second 5 min before sampling, the statistical difference was significant (P = 0.044). Difference was significant (P = 0.045) during injection of the needle, in the first 5 min after sampling (P = 0.002), and in the second 5 min after sampling (P=0.005). There were significant difference in infants’ facial expressions of pain in the first 5 min after sampling (P = 0.001).


Conclusions: Music therapy reduces the physiological and behavioral responses of pain during and after blood sampling.


Key words: Infant, infant behavior, Iran, music therapy, pain, physiologic, premature


Keywords


Infant; infant behavior; Iran; music therapy; pain; physiologic; premature

Full Text:

PDF

References


Wood AH. Effects of Music Therapy on Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Birmingham, Alabama: The University of Alabama at Birmingham; 2008.

Kloog I, Melly SJ, Ridgway WL, Coull BA, Schwartz J. Using new satellite based exposure methods to study the association between pregnancy PM2.5 exposure, premature birth and birth weight in Massachusetts. Environ Health 2012;11:40.

Sheikh BE, Raeei V. Neonatal Nursing. Tehran: Boshra; 2006.

Vederhus BJ, Eide GE, Natvig GK. Psychometric testing of a Norwegian version of the Premature Infant Pain Profile: An acute pain assessment tool. A clinical validation study. Int J Nurs Pract 2006;12:334‑44.

Lago P, Garetti E, Merazzi D, Pieragostini L, Ancora G, Pirelli A, et al. Guidelines for procedural pain in the newborn. Acta Paediatr 2009;98:932‑9.

Buonocore G, Bellieni CV. Neonatal Pain: Suffering, Pain and Risk of Brain Damage in the Fetus and Newborn. 1st ed. New York: Springer; 2008.

Neal DO, Lindeke LL. Music as a nursing intervention for preterm infants in the NICU. Neonatal Netw 2008;27:319‑27.

Chou LL, Wang RH, Chen SJ, Pai L. Effects of music therapy on oxygen saturation in premature infants receiving endotracheal suctioning. J Nurs Res 2003;11:209‑16.

Krueger C. Exposure to maternal voice in preterm infants: A review. Adv Neonatal Care 2010;10:13‑8.

Treurnicht Naylor K, Kingsnorth S, Lamont A, McKeever P, Macarthur C. The effectiveness of music in pediatric healthcare: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011;2011:464759.

Smith DC, Waugh SH. Music therapy and health benefits. Kans Nurse 2009;84:3‑5.

Grunau RE, Linhares MB, Holsti L, Oberlander TF, Whitfield MF. Does prone or supine position influence pain responses in preterm infants at 32 weeks gestational age? Clin J Pain 2004;20:76‑82.

Grunau RE, Oberlander T, Holsti L, Whitfield MF. Bedside application of the Neonatal Facial Coding System in pain assessment of premature neonates. Pain 1998;76:277‑86.

Fleiss JL. The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1999.

Pocock SJ. Clinical Trials: A Practical Approach. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1983.

Cignacco E, Hamers JP, Stoffel L, van Lingen RA, Gessler P, McDougall J, et al. The efficacy of non‑pharmacological interventions in the management of procedural pain in preterm and term neonates. A systematic literature review. Eur J Pain 2007;11:139‑52.

Hodges AL, Wilson LL. Effects of music therapy on preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Altern Ther Health Med 2010;16:72‑3.

Butt ML, Kisilevsky BS. Music modulates behaviour of remature infants following heel lance. Can J Nurs Res 2000;31:17‑39.

Cassidy JW, Standley JM. The effect of music listening on physiological responses of premature infants in the NICU. J Music Ther 1995;32:208‑27.

Marofi M, Nikobakht F, Badiee Z, Golchin M. The effect of melody on the physiological responses of heel sticks pain in neonates. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2015;20:405‑8.

Keith DR, Russell K, Weaver BS. The effects of music listening on inconsolable crying in premature infants. J Music Ther 2009;46:191‑203.

Ak J, Lakshmanagowda PB, Pradeep GC, Goturu J. Impact of music therapy on breast milk secretion in mothers of premature newborns. J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9:CC04‑6


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.