The Process of Managing the Children with Type 1 Diabetes in the Family: A Grounded Theory Study
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a disease that affects all family members. Parents of children with type 1 diabetes are always concerned about all aspects of children’s life. The aim of this study was to elucidate the process of managing children with diabetes in the family.
Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative grounded theory of a doctoral dissertation, which was done on 2016. The 18 participants were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling until data saturation. The main participants in this study included parents, siblings, and children with type 1 diabetes. The data was gathered by semi-structured interviews as well as field notes and memos. Data analysis was done concurrently with data collection in four levels, including data analysis for concept and contex, bringing the process into the analysis, and integration of categories according to Corbin and Struss (2008). Core category appeared at the end of integrated categories.
Results: “The family with diabetes in the child’s diabetes orbit” as a core category contains the process of managing children with diabetes within the family, which included three main subcategories, including “entering into the diabetes orbit”, “movement into the diabetes orbit”, and “living into the diabetes orbit”.
Conclusions: The family through the concept of “The family with diabetes in the child’s diabetes orbit “as a main concern of families with diabetes suffering diabetes attempt to select and practicing appropriate strategies and manage diabetes and children with diabetes.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Cho, NH1, et al. "IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045." Diabetes research and clinical practice 138 (2018): 271-281
Heijmans M, Waverijn G, Rademakers J, van der Vaart R, Rijken M. Functional, communicative and critical health literacy of chronic disease patients and their importance for self-management. Patient Educ Couns 2015;98:41-8.
Whittemore R, Jaser S, Chao A, Jang M, Grey M. Psychological experience of parents of children with type 1 diabetes a systematic mixed-studies review. Diabetes Educ 2012;38:562-79.
Anderson BJ. Children with diabetes mellitus and family functioning: Translating research into practice. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2001;14:645-52.
Katz ML, Laffel LM, Perrin JM, Kuhlthau K. Impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus on the family is reduced with the medical home, care coordination, and family-centered care. J Pediatr 2012;160:861-7.
Daly BM, Arroll B, Scragg RKR. Diabetes knowledge of primary health care and specialist nurses in a major urban area. J Clin Nurs 2019;28:125-37.
Allen D. The nurse’s role in childhood diabetes. Nurs Child Young People 2016;28:11
Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Magliano DJ, Bennett PH. Diabetes mellitus statistics on prevalence and mortality: Facts and fallacies. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016;12:616-22. 9. Patterson C, Guariguata L, Dahlquist G, Soltész G, Ogle G, Silink M. Diabetes in the young–a global view and worldwide estimates of numbers of children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014;103:161-75.
Ayala J, Howe C, Dumser S, Buzby M, Murphy K. Partnerships with providers reflections from parents of children with type 1 diabetes. West J Nurs Res 2014;36:1238-53.
McCormack B, McCance T. Person-centred nursing: theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons; Hoboken, New Jersey. 2011.
Wennick A, Lundqvist A, Hallström I. Everyday experience of families three years after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children: A research paper. J Pediatr Nurs 2009;24:222-30.
Kent DA. Factors that Impact Quality of Life in Young Adults with Type I Diabetes. University of Illinois at Chicago, Health Sciences Center; 2011.ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, New York, USA. 2011. 3484984.
Brouwer AM, Salamon KS, Olson KA, Fox MM, Yelich-Koth SL, Fleischman KM, et al. Adolescents and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A qualitative analysis of the experience of social support. Clin Pediatr 2012;51:1130-9.
Yi-Frazier JP, Yaptangco M, Semana S, Buscaino E, Thompson V, Cochrane K, et al. The association of personal resilience with stress, coping, and diabetes outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Variable-and person-focused approaches. J Health Psychol 2015;20:1196-206.
Gurman AS, Kniskern DP, editors. Handbook of family therapy. Routledge; Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis. New York, USA; 2014.
Kaakinen JR, Coehlo DP, Steele R, Tabacco A, Hanson SMH. Family Health Care Nursing: Theory, Practice, and Research. FA Davis; 2014.
Boman Å, Povlsen L, Dahlborg-Lyckhage E, Hanas R, Borup IK. Fathers of children with type 1 diabetes perceptions of a father’s involvement from a health promotion perspective. J Fam Nurs 2014;20:337-54.
Berg CA, King PS, Butler JM, Pham P, Palmer D, Wiebe DJ. Parental involvement and adolescents’ diabetes management: The mediating role of self-efficacy and externalizing and internalizing behaviors. J Pediatr Psychol 2011;36:329-39.
Mortensen HB, Swift PGF, Holl RW, Hougaard P, Hansen L, Bjoerndalen H, et al. Multinational study in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: Association of age, ketoacidosis, HLA status, and autoantibodies on residual beta-cell function and glycemic control 12 months after diagnosis. Pediatr Diabetes 2010;11:218-26.
Faulkner MS, Chang L-I. Family influence on self-care, quality of life, and metabolic control in school-age children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Nurs 2007;22:59-68.
Eilander MM, de Wit M, Rotteveel J, Aanstoot HJ, Bakker-van Waarde WM, Houdijk EC, et al. Diabetes IN develOpment (DINO): The bio-psychosocial, family functioning and parental well-being of youth with type 1 diabetes: A longitudinal cohort study design. BMC Pediatr 2015;15:82.
Beck J, Greenwood DA, Blanton L, Bollinger ST, Butcher MK, Condon JE, et al. 2017 National standards for diabetes self-management education and support. Diabetes Educ 2018;44:35-50.
Weinstock RS, Trief PM, Goland R, McKay S, Milaszewski K, Preske J, et al. Parental characteristics associated with outcomes in youth with type 2 diabetes: Results from the today clinical trial. Diabetes Care 2015;38:784-92.
Maslakpak MH, Anoosheh M, Fazlollah A, Ebrahim H. Iranian diabetic adolescent girls’ quality of life: Perspectives on barriers. Scand J Caring Sci 2010;24:463-71.
Craig ME, Jefferies C, Dabelea D, Balde N, Seth A, Donaghue KC. Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2014;15(Suppl 20):4-17.
Hagger V, Hendrieckx C, Sturt J, Skinner TC, Speight J. Diabetes distress among adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review. Curr Diab Rep 2016;16:9.
DuBose SN, Hermann JM, Tamborlane WV, Beck RW, Dost A, DiMeglio LA, et al. Obesity in youth with type 1 diabetes in Germany, Austria, and the United States. J Pediatrics 2015;167:627-32.e4.
Sheehan A, While A, Coyne I. The experiences and impact of transition from child to adult healthcare services for young people with Type 1 diabetes: A systematic review. Diab Med 2015;32:440-58.
Abdoli S, Doosti Irani M, Hardy LR, Funnell M. A discussion paper on stigmatizing features of diabetes. Nur Open 2018;5:113-9.
Ersig AL, Tsalikian E, Coffey J, Williams JK. Stressors in teens with type 1 diabetes and their parents: Immediate and long-term implications for transition to self-management. J Pediatr Nurs 2016;31:390-6.
Dabelea D, Stafford JM, Mayer-Davis EJ, D’Agostino R, Dolan L, Imperatore G, et al. Association of type 1 diabetes vs type 2 diabetes diagnosed during childhood and adolescence with complications during teenage years and young adulthood. JAMA 2017;317:825-35.
Berg CA, Queen T, Butner JE, Turner SL, Hughes Lansing A, Main A, et al. Adolescent disclosure to parents and daily management of type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol 2017;42:75-84.
Wasserman RM, Hilliard ME, Schwartz DD, Anderson BJ. Practical strategies to enhance executive functioning and strengthen diabetes management across the lifespan. Curr Diab Rep 2015;15:52.
Wiebe DJ, Helgeson V, Berg CA. The social context of managing diabetes across the life span. Am Psychol 2016;71:526-38.
Corbin JM, Strauss AL. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory: Sage Publications, Inc 2008.
MacDonald K, Greggans A. Dealing with chaos and complexity: The reality of interviewing children and families in their own homes. J Clin Nurs 2008;17:3123-30.
Anney VN. Ensuring the quality of the findings of qualitative research: Looking at trustworthiness criteria. J Emerg Trends Educ Res Policy Stud 2014;5:272-81.
Lincoln, Yvonna S., and Egon G. Guba. "Criteria for Assessing Naturalistic Inquiries as Reports." (1988).
Sanjari, Mahnaz, Hamid Peyrovi, and Neda Mehrdad. "Managing children with diabetes within the family: Entering into the Diabetes Orbit." Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders 15.1 (2015): 7.
Feldman MA, Anderson LM, Shapiro JB, Jedraszko AM, Evans M, Weil LE, et al. Family-based interventions targeting improvements in health and family outcomes of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review. Curr Diab Rep 2018;18:15.
Thorstensson S, Fröden M, Vikström V, Andersson S. Swedish school nurses’ experiences in supporting students with type 1 diabetes in their school environment. Nordic J Nurs Res 2016;36:142-7.
Kassai B, Rabilloud M, Bernoux D, Michal C, Riche B, Ginhoux T, et al. Management of adolescents with very poorly controlled type 1 diabetes by nurses: A parallel group randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015;16:399.
Sparud-Lundin C, Hallström I, Erlandsson L-K. Challenges, strategies, and gender relations among parents of children recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. J Fam Nurs 2013;19:249-73.
Babler E, Strickland CJ. Helping adolescents with type 1 diabetes “figure it out”. J Pediatr Nurs 201631:123-31.
Saylor J, Hanna KM, Calamaro CJ. Experiences of college students who are newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Nurs 2019;44:74-80.
Bekker, Christiaan I., Elmari Deacon, and David Segal. "Meaning in life experienced by parents of children living with diabetes." Health psychology open 6.1 (2019): 2055102919832221.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.