Concerns and Challenges of Living Donors When Making Decisions on Organ Donation: A Qualitative Study

Raziyeh sadat Bahador, Jamileh Farokhzadian, Parvin Mangolian, Esmat Nouhi

Abstract


Background: Mental concerns of living donors can be a solid barrier to logical and informed decision‑making for organ donation. The present study explores living donors’ mental concerns and problems during the process of decision‑making for organ donation.

 Materials and Methods: The present study was performed using qualitative content analysis. Twenty‑one participants were selected by purposive sampling. The data were collected and recorded through semistructured interviews and analyzed by MAX Qualitative Data Analysis software 12, based on Graneheim and Lundman’s contractual content analysis method.

Results: Data analysis extracted 425 codes, 13 subcategories, 3 main categories, and 1 core theme (conflict between doubt and certainty). The three main categories were individual barriers and concerns (faced by the donor), interpersonal concerns and barriers (experienced by the family), and socio‑organizational concerns and barriers (at the community).

Conclusions: Based on the results, donors have significant concerns and face major problems when deciding on organ donation. Therefore, health‑care professionals should take into account organ donors’ concerns, raise awareness of donor associations, and formulate policies to increase living donors’ satisfaction.



Keywords


Decision making, living donors, organ transplantation, qualitative research

Full Text:

PDF

References


Farid MS, Mou TB. Religious, cultural and legal barriers to organ donation: The case of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Bioeth 2021;12:1 13.

Henderson ML, Gross JA. Living organ donation and informed consent in the United States: Strategies to improve the process. J Law Med Ethics 2017;45:66 76.

Popoola AA, Olanrewaju TO, Bolaji BO, Ajiboye TO. Expanding renal transplantation organ donor pool in Nigeria. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2018;29:1181 7.

Agerskov H, Bistrup C, Ludvigsen MS, Pedersen BD. Living kidney donation: Considerations and decision‐making. J Renal Care 2014;40:88 95.

Mishra N. 118.8: Experiences of living organ donors around organ donation period: A qualitative study. Transplantation 2019;103:S18.

Kim J, Kim S, Genyk Y, Maw TT. The need for a living donor wellness program. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2020;25:311 5. 7. Sachdeva M. Should obesity affect suitability for kidney donation? Semin Dial 2018;31:353 6.

Naik AS, Cibrik DM, Sakhuja A, Samaniego M, Lu Y, Shahinian V, et al. Temporal trends, center level variation, and the impact of prevalent state obesity rates on acceptance of obese living kidney donors. Am J Transplant 2018;18:642 9.

Mustian MN, Kumar V, Hanaway M, Maclennan PA, Shelton BA, Reed RD, et al. Donation approval among obese living kidney donor candidates: The impact of metabolic syndrome. Surgery 2019;166:940 6.

Nobel YR, Forde KA, Wood L, Cartiera K, Munoz Abraham AS, Yoo PS, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in access to and utilization of living donor liver transplants. Liver Transpl 2015;21:904 13.

Boyarsky BJ, Po‐Yu Chiang T, Werbel WA, Durand CM, Avery RK, Getsin SN, et al. Early impact of COVID‐19 on transplant center practices and policies in the United States. Am J Transplant 2020;20:1809 18.

Merola J, Schilsky ML, Mulligan DC. The impact of COVID‐19 on organ donation, procurement, and liver transplantation in the United States. Hepatol Commun 2021;5:5 11.

Ruck JM, Rasmussen SE, Henderson ML, Massie AB, Segev DL. Interviews of living kidney donors to assess donation related concerns and information gathering practices. BMC Nephrol 2018;19:1 9.

Lindgren B M, Lundman B, Graneheim UH. Abstraction and interpretation during the qualitative content analysis process. Int J Nurs Stud 2020;108:103632.

Elo S, Kääriäinen M, Kanste O, Pölkki T, Utriainen K, Kyngäs H. Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness. SAGE Open 2014;4:2158244014522633.

Gan Kim Soon P, Lim SK, Rampal S, Su TT. A qualitative examination of barriers and solutions to renal transplantation in Malaysia: Key informants’ perspective. PLoS One 2019;14:e0220411.

Alvaro EM, Siegel JT, Turcotte D, Lisha N, Crano WD, Dominick A. Living kidney donation among Hispanics: A qualitative examination of barriers and opportunities. Prog Transplant 2008;18:243 50.

Ari E, Uzar T, Eksi S. Cardiovascular disease risk in living kidney donors: Knowns and unknowns. Curr Epidemiol Rep 2020;7:44 8.

Tong A, Chapman JR, Wong G, Josephson MA, Craig JC. Public awareness and attitudes to living organ donation: Systematic review and integrative synthesis. Transplantation 2013;96:429 37.

Waterman AD, Stanley SL, Covelli T, Hazel E, Hong BA, Brennan DC. Living donation decision making: Recipients’ concerns and educational needs. Prog Transplant 2006;16:17 23.

Irving MJ, Tong A, Jan S, Cass A, Rose J, Chadban S, et al. Factors that influence the decision to be an organ donor: A systematic review of the qualitative literature. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012;27:2526 33.

Arai N, Takimoto Y, Nakazawa E, Akabayashi A. Considerations on the factors influencing living kidney donors’ autonomous decision making: A systematic literature review. Transplant Proc 2018;50:3036 44.

McGregor LM, Dickson A, Flowers P, Hayes PC, O’Carroll RE. Reclaiming their lives: The decision making process in living liver donation–An interpretative phenomenological case study analysis of one couple. Psychol Health 2014;29:1373 87.

Davis LA, Grogan TM, Cox J, Weng FL. Inter and intrapersonal barriers to living donor kidney transplant among black recipients and donors. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2017;4:671 9.

Devitt J, Anderson K, Cunningham J, Preece C, Snelling P, Cass A. Difficult conversations: Australian Indigenous patients’ views on kidney transplantation. BMC Nephrol 2017;18:1 14.

Martin PM, Finding a living kidney donor: experiences of New Zealand renal patient .Australian Health Review. 2013;37:48 53.

Keddis M, Finnie D, Kim WS. Native American patients’ perception and attitude about kidney transplant: A qualitative assessment of patients presenting for kidney transplant evaluation. BMJ Open 2019;9:e024671.

Jones MA, Cornwall J. “It’s hard to ask”: Examining the factors influencing decision making among end stage renal disease patients considering approaching family and friends for a kidney. N Z Med J 2018;131:10 9.

Fernández Alonso V, Palacios Ceña D, Silva Martín C, García Pozo A. Facilitators and barriers in the organ donation process: A qualitative study among nurse transplant coordinators. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:7996.

Allahverdi TD, Allahverdi E, Akkuş Y. The knowledge of nursing students about organ donation and the effect of the relevant training on their knowledge. Transplant Proc 2020;52:2877 82.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.