Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Related Factors in Iranian Female Nurses

Maryam Nasiri, Abdolhosein Emami Sigaroudi, Mohammad Taghi Moghadamnia, Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leili

Abstract


Background: Lower Urinary Tract Symptom (LUTS) are common among female nurses. High levels of job stress in nurses may be associated with the prevalence of these symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of LUTS and factors related to these symptoms in female nurses. Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional study in which 460 nurses and nursing assistants participated was conducted. A questionnaire consisting of socio‑demographic data, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, and Toileting Behavior – Women’s Elimination Behavior Scale was used. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistical tests at a significant level of p < 0.05.

Results: The highest and lowest scores of LUTS were related to the urgency and nocturnal enuresis with a mean (SD) score of 1.85 (1.03) and 0.05 (0.26), respectively. Concerning toileting behaviors, the highest score was for the place preference for voiding with a mean (SD) score of 4.13 (0.66), which correlated with LUTS. Among controllable variables, years of practice, urinary tract infections, use of perineal pads for urinary leakage, lifting heavy objects at work, and medical history were identified as predictors of LUTS (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: LUTS was highly prevalent in the female nurses. The results revealed that unhealthy toileting behaviors may contribute to the prevalence of LUTS. Early identification of these symptoms and the development of an educational intervention program to enhance the knowledge of healthy toileting behaviors may prevent the occurrence of urinary symptoms.



Keywords


Lower urinary tract symptoms, nurses, toilet facilities

Full Text:

PDF

References


Cox L, Rovner ES. Lower urinary tract symptoms in women: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Curr Opin Urol 2016;26:328 33.

Russo GI, Urzì D, Cimino S. Chapter 1: Epidemiology of LUTS and BPH. In: Morgia G, Russo GI, editors. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. USA: Academic Press; 2018. p. 1 14.

Brady SS, Bavendam TG, Berry A, Fok CS, Gahagan S, Goode PS, et al. The Prevention of lower urinary tract symptoms (PLUS) in girls and women: Developing a conceptual framework for a prevention research agenda. Neurourol Urodyn 2018;37:2951 64.

Zargham M, Pourmomeny AA, Soltanmohamadi M. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and incontinence in Iranian women. Urol J 2019;17:276 80.

Kaya Y, Kaya C, Başeskioğlu B, Özerdoğan N, Yenilmez A, Demirüstü C. Effect of work related factors on lower urinary tract symptoms in nurses and secretaries. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2016;8:49 54.

Palmer MH, Willis-Gray MG, Zhou F, Newman DK, Wu JM. Self-reported toileting behaviors in employed women: Are they associated with lower urinary tract symptoms? Neurourol Urodyn 2018;37:735 43.

Wan X, Wu C, Xu D, Huang L, Wang K. Toileting behaviours and lower urinary tract symptoms among female nurses: A cross sectional questionnaire survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2017;65:1 7.

Palmer M, Newman D. Women’s toileting behaviours: An online survey of female advanced practice providers. Int J Clin Pract 2015;69:429 35.

Zhou F, Xue K, Liu Y, Zhuo L, Tu S, Palmer MH. Toileting behaviors and factors associated with urinary incontinence in college aged female students in China. Int Urogynecol J 2019;31:961 71.

Angelini KJ. A Cross Sectional Exploration of Lower Urinary Tract Storage Symptoms Among a Sample of Female Undergraduate College Students [PhD Dissertation]. Ann Arbor: Boston College; 2018.

Pierce H, Perry L, Gallagher R, Chiarelli P. Culture, teams, and organizations: A qualitative exploration of female nurses’ and midwives’ experiences of urinary symptoms at work. J Adv Nurs 2019;75:1284 95.

Zhang C, Hai T, Yu L, Liu S, Li Q, Zhang X, et al. Association between occupational stress and risk of overactive bladder and other lower urinary tract symptoms: A cross sectional study of female nurses in China. Neurourol Urodyn 2013;32:254 60.

Chatzigianni D, Tsounis A, Markopoulos N, Sarafis P. Occupational stress experienced by nurses working in a Greek regional hospital: A cross sectional study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2018;23:450 7.

Ross A, Bevans M, Brooks AT, Gibbons S, Wallen GR. Nurses and health promoting behaviors: Knowledge may not translate into self care. AORN J 2017;105:267 75.

Pierce H, Perry L, Gallagher R, Chiarelli P. Urinary incontinence, work, and intention to leave current job: A cross sectional survey of the Australian nursing and midwifery workforce. Neurourol Urodyn 2017;36:1876 83.

Pourmomeny AA, Rezaeian ZS, Soltanmohamadi M. Translation and linguistic validation of the Persian version of the Bristol female lower urinary tract symptoms instrument. Int Urogynecol J 2017;28:1329 33.

International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Modules (ICIQ FLUTS) UK: Bristol Urological Institute; 2019. http://iciq.net/iciq fluts. [Last accessed on 2020 May 15].

Hashim H, Blanker MH, Drake MJ, Djurhuus JC, Meijlink J, Morris V, et al. International continence society (ICS) report on the terminology for nocturia and nocturnal lower urinary tract function. Neurourol Urodyn 2019;38:499 508.

Wang K, Palmer MH. Development and validation of an instrument to assess women’s toileting behavior related to urinary elimination: Preliminary results. Nurs Res 2011;60:158 64.

Kowalik CG, Daily A, Delpe S, Kaufman MR, Fowke J, Dmochowski RR, et al. Toileting behaviors of adult women: What is healthy? J Urol 2018;201:129 34.

Li Z, Xu T, Li Z, Gong J, Liu Q, Zhu L. Lower urinary tract symptoms 7 years after the first delivery: Correlation to the mode of delivery. Neurourol Urodyn 2019;38:793 800.

Ninomiya S, Naito K, Nakanishi K, Okayama H. Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder in Japanese women. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2018;10:308 14.

Kim Y, Kwak Y. Urinary incontinence in women in relation to occupational status. Women Health 2017;57:1 18.

Zhou F, Newman DK, Palmer MH. Urinary urgency in working women: What factors are associated with urinary urgency progression? J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018;27:575 83.

Grzybowska ME, Wydra D, Smutek J. Analysis of the usage of continence pads and help seeking behavior of women with stress urinary incontinence in Poland. BMC Womens Health 2015;15:80.

Sever N, Oskay U. An investigation of lower urinary tract symptoms in women aged 40 and over. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2017;9:21 6.

Sjögren J, Malmberg L, Stenzelius K. Toileting behavior and urinary tract symptoms among younger women. Int Urogynecol J 2017;28:1677 84.

Zhang L, Zhu L, Xu T, Lang J, Li Z, Gong J, et al. A population based survey of the prevalence, potential risk factors, and symptom specific bother of lower urinary tract symptoms in adult Chinese women. Eur Urol 2015;68:97 112.

Drake MJ. Fundamentals of terminology in lower urinary tract function. Neurourol Urodyn 2018;37:S13 9.

van Breda HM, Bosch JR, de Kort LM. Hidden prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in healthy nulligravid young women. Int Urogynecol J 2015;26:1637 43.

Agarwal A, Eryuzlu LN, Cartwright R, Thorlund K, Tammela TLJ, Guyatt GH, et al. What is the most bothersome lower urinary tract symptom? Individual and population level perspectives for both men and women. Eur Urol 2014;65:1211 7.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.