The Impact of Self Management Practices on the Occurrence of Diabetic Ulcers Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in South Kalimantan – Indonesia
Abstract
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health issue, particularly in Indonesia, due to its increasing prevalence and serious complications like diabetic ulcers. This study investigated the relationship between self‑management behaviors and the incidence of diabetic ulcers in T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional analytical study was conducted from March to December 2024 at Sari Mulia Hospital. From 432 registered T2DM patients, 220 were selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Diabetes Self‑Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) and analyzed with Chi‑square tests. Results: Diabetic ulcers were identified in 34.5% of participants with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Significant associations were found between poor self‑management behaviors and ulcer incidence. Patients who did not regularly monitor their blood glucose levels had a 9.5‑fold increased risk of developing diabetic ulcers (χ2 (1) =7.52, p = 0.006). Non‑compliance with dietary recommendations was associated with a 13.93‑fold increased risk (χ2 (1) = 9.40, p = 0.002), while low physical activity was linked to a 14.57‑fold increased risk (χ2 (1) = 9.44, p = 0.002). These findings highlight the critical role of self‑management behaviors in preventing diabetic foot ulcers. Conclusions: Self‑management behaviors strongly influence diabetic ulcer occurrence in T2DM patients. Promoting regular blood glucose monitoring, dietary compliance, and physical activity is essential in ulcer prevention. Future research should assess the long‑term impact of educational interventions in broader patient populations to improve diabetes care outcomes.
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