Prevalence of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia in Iran: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

sedigheh Abdollahpour, Talat Khadivzadeh, Mahla Shafeei, Mahdieh Arian

Abstract


Background: Preeclampsia is a major contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. A previous systematic review was carried out in Iran in 2014. Due to the importance of this issue, a current evaluation is necessary after ten years. This research was performed to determine the prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in Iran.

Materials and Methods: Adhering to the PRISMA guideline, we searched English databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Persian databases including SID, Magiran, and IranMedex on August 20, 2023, to identify studies reporting the prevalence of preeclampsia or eclampsia in Iran. Employing a focused term strategy and eligibility criteria, we ultimately included 55 studies in this review. After conducting a thorough evaluation, the CMAV3 software was utilized to analyze the data using the random effects model and calculate pooled results.

Results: The overall prevalence of preeclampsia among Iranian mothers was 5.3%, while eclampsia accounted for 0.1% of live births. Notably, preeclampsia rates have risen since 2015, whereas eclampsia rates have declined over time. Single‑variable meta‑regression results indicated a negative correlation between age and preeclampsia.

Conclusions: Preeclampsia is increasing among Iranian mothers, requiring an investigation into its risk factors, including maternal age, and consequently, high‑risk pregnancies. Conversely, the decreasing occurrence of eclampsia indicates an enhancement in the quality of care following a preeclampsia diagnosis.



Keywords


Eclampsia, Iran, meta‑analysis, preeclampsia, systematic review

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdollahpour S, Heydari A, Ebrahimipour H, Faridhoseini F, Khadivzadeh T. Mothering sweetness mixed with the bitterness of death: The lived mothering experience of near miss mothers. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 2022;43:128 35.

Abdollahpour S, Heydari A, Ebrahimipour H, Faridhoseini F, Khadivzadeh T. Death stricken survivor mother: The lived experience of near miss mothers. Reprod Health 2022;19:5.

Abdollahpour S, Miri HH, Khadivzadeh T. The maternal near miss incidence ratio with WHO approach in Iran: A systematic review and meta analysis. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2019;24:159 66.

Abdollahpour S, Miri HH, Khadivzadeh T. The global prevalence of maternal near miss: A systematic review and meta analysis. Health Promot Perspect 2019;9:255 62.

Rana S, Lemoine E, Granger JP, Karumanchi SA. Preeclampsia: Pathophysiology, challenges, and perspectives. Circ Res 2019;124:1094 112.

Hogan MC, Foreman KJ, Naghavi M, Ahn SY, Wang M, Makela SM, et al. Maternal mortality for 181 countries, 1980– 2008: A systematic analysis of progress towards Millennium Development Goal 5. Lancet 2010;375:1609 23.

Abalos E, Cuesta C, Grosso AL, Chou D, Say L. Global and regional estimates of preeclampsia and eclampsia: A systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013;170:1 7.

Lakew Y, Reda AA, Tamene H, Benedict S, Deribe K. Geographical variation and factors influencing modern contraceptive use among married women in Ethiopia: Evidence from a national population based survey. Reprod Health 2013;10:52.

Kharaghani R, Cheraghi Z, Esfahani BO, Mohammadian Z, Nooreldinc RS. Prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in Iran. Arch Iran Med 2016;19:64 71.

Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta analyses. Eur J Epidemiol 2010;25:603 5.

Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta analyses. BMJ 2003;327:557 60.

Macedo TC, Montagna E, Trevisan CM, Zaia V, de Oliveira R, Barbosa CP, et al. Prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in adolescent pregnancy: A systematic review and meta analysis of 291,247 adolescents worldwide since 1969. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020;248:177 86.

Soori H, Hasani J, Entezami N, Hosseini S, Rafiei E. Assessment of millennium development goals indicators (MDGs) in Iran, eastern mediterranean region, and the world: A study emerging from the MDGs report 2014. Iran J Epidemiol 2017;13:41 51.

de Siqueira Guida JP, de Andrade BG, Pissinatti LGF, Rodrigues BF, Hartman CA, Costa ML. Prevalence of preeclampsia in Brazil: An integrative review. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2022;44:686 91.

Zhang M, Wan P, Ng K, Singh K, Cheng TH, Velickovic I, et al. Preeclampsia among African American pregnant women: An update on prevalence, complications, etiology, and biomarkers. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2020;75:111 20.

Mou AD, Barman Z, Hasan M, Miah R, Hafsa JM, Das Trisha A, et al. Prevalence of preeclampsia and the associated risk factors among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2021;11:21339.

Umesawa M, Kobashi G. Epidemiology of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: Prevalence, risk factors, predictors and prognosis. Hypertens Res 2017;40:213 20.

Lisonkova S, Bone JN, Muraca GM, Razaz N, Wang LQ, Sabr Y, et al. Incidence and risk factors for severe preeclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome, and eclampsia at preterm and term gestation: A population based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021;225:538. e1 19.

Tranquilli AL, Dekker G, Magee L, Roberts J, Sibai BM, Steyn W. The classification, diagnosis and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A revised statement from the ISSHP. Pregnancy Hypertens 2014;4:97 104.

Sole KB, Staff AC, Räisänen S, Laine K. Substantial decrease in preeclampsia prevalence and risk over two decades: A population based study of 1,153,227 deliveries in Norway. Pregnancy Hypertens 2022;28:21 7.

Robillard P Y, Dekker GA, Hulsey TC. Revisiting the epidemiological standard of preeclampsia: Primigravidity or primipaternity? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1999;84:37 41.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.